A network is simply a way for two or more devices to communicate and share resources.
On a physical level, it consists of all devices that you want to connect and the resources that you are going to use to connect them together.
Please note that individual devices can be connected using cables as a medium of connection. They can also be connected together through the use of wireless devices.
In order to connect multiple devices together, each device must be connected together using a device called a hub or a switch as a tool for such connection.
These hubs/switches must be connected together. In a larger network, each of the subnetworks is connected together by using a router as a mode of connection.
Basic network structures …
Connection points must exist between your network and the outside world. Also, a barrier will be set up between your network and the internet. This can be done with the use of a device called a firewall. Above all, the major purpose of a network is to have communication between a machine and other devices within and outside the network.
It should be established here that every path through which networks can communicate can also be an avenue to attack such networks.
The first line of defense that you have in order to prevent your network from being attacked or hijacked is to understand how a network works.
Also, network interface cards, routers, switches, and hubs are the fundamental physical pieces of a network. The way they are connected and the fact that they are used for communication is what is known as network architecture.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
After you might have established a connection with the network through cables or wireless methods, the next thing will actually be to send the data. in doing this, you have to identify where you want the data to be sent.
It should be noted that all computers have an IP address. This is a series of four numbers between 0 and 255 that is separated by dots. A good example is 192.168.1.1.
The second part is for than to format the data for transmission. All data are in binary forms (1s and 0s). This binary data is placed into packets, roughly less than 65,000 bytes.
The first few bytes consist of the header. This header state where the packer is going, where it comes from and how many packets are coming as part of the transmission.
There is actually more than just one header, but for now, I will discuss the headers as just one entity.
Some attacks such as IP spoofing may try to change the header of packets in order to give false information. Other methods of attacks simply try to intercept packets and read the contents, thus compromising the data.
A packet can have multiple headers. In fact , most packets will have at least three headers. The IP header has information such as the IP addresses for the source and the destination, as well as what protocol the packet is.
The TCP header has information such as the port number. the Ethernet header has information such as the MAC address for the source and the destination.
If a packet is encrypted with Transport Layer Security, it will also have a TLS header.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous article, I have thrown more light on some of the facts that you need to know about networks generally. In this article, I will be looking at some of the facts that you should know about Uniform Resource Location also known as URL or web addresses.
The first major issue is to understand how packets reach their proper destination. Even small networks have Computers that could be a potential destination for packets.
IP Addresses and the Internet
The internet also has millions of computers that are spread across the globe. How can you ensure that a packet arrives at its proper destination? this situation is no different from a letter not arriving at its proper destination.
In this article, I will begin by looking at IPv4 IP addresses. This is due to the fact that it is the most common version of an IP address.
An IPv4 address is a series of four three-digit numbers separated by periods. (eg 193.168.1.1).
Each of three-digit numbers must be between 0 and 255. An address 192.168.0.247 would not be a valid one. The reason for this rule is that these addresses are actually four binary numbers. The computer simply display them to you in decimal format.
Recall that 1 byte is 9 bits. (1s and 0s) and am 8-bit binary number converted to decimal format will be between 0 and 255. A total of 32 bits means that approximately a 4.2billion IP addresses exist.
The IP address of a computer highly informs you about that computer. The first byte or the first computer in that IP address reveals what network class the machine belongs to.
The IP range of 127s is not listed in the above screenshot. The IP address 127.0.0.1 designated to the machine you are in, regardless of the IP address assigned to your machine. This address is referred to as the ‘loopback address. This address is used to test the machine and the NIC card.
These particular classes are very important as they direct you to the part of the address that represents the network, and to the part that represents the node. For example, in a Class A address, the first two octets represent the network and the second two octets represent the node.
Finally, in a Class C address, the first three octets represent the network, and the last represents the node. There are also some very specific IP address ranges you should be aware of.
The first, as mentioned previously is 127.0.0.1 or also called the loopback address. It is another way of referring to the network interface card of the machine you are on. private IP addresses are another issue that one should be aware of. Certain ranges of IP addresses are being designated for use within networks.
These cannot be used as public IP addresses but can be used for internal.
Workstations and servers. Those IP addresses are:
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 192.169.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Sometimes, people who are new to networking, have some trouble understanding public and private IP addresses. A good example is an office building. Without a single office building, each office number must be unique. There can only be one room 101 within that building. This means that it is clear to everyone which room it is.
But there are also other office buildings, many of which have their own office 101. Simply view private IP addresses as office numbers. Even though the number should be unique, there may be other networks with the Sam IP. Public IP addresses are more like traditional mailing addresses. They must be unique worldwide.
When communicating from office to office, you can use the office number. However, to send a letter to another building, you have to use the complete mailing address. it is the same type of process that should be followed in networking. You can communicate within your network using private IP addresses, but to communicate outside of your network must be through a public IP address.
One of the roles of a gateway router is to perform what is called network address translation (NAT), a router takes the private IP address on outgoing packets and replaces it with the public IP address of the gateway router so that the packet can be routed through the internet.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous article, I have talked about all that you need to know about IP addresses in network security. In this article, I want to talk about all that you need to know about IP subnetting. Follow me as we are going to look at this together in this article.
IP Subnetting
Subnetting is simply the process of splitting up a network into smaller portions. For example, if you have a network using the IP address 192.168.1.X ( X being whatever the address is for the specific computer) , then you have allocated 255 possible IP addresses.
What if you want to divide that into two separate subnetworks? This can be done through subnetting.
Technically speaking, the subnet make is a 32-bit number that is assigned to each host to divide the 32-bit binary IP address into network and node portions. It does not accept random numbers. The first value of a subnet mask must be 255, 154, 252, 248, 240, 224, and 128.
The network IP address and the subnet mask will be accepted by the computer, which will then use a binary AND operation to combine them.
A subnet mask is present regardless of the fact that you might have never needed to use subnetting. If you have a Class C IP address, then your network subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, and finally, if it is a Class A, your subnet mask is 255.0.0.0
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous article, I have talked about some of the facts that you need to know about the use of blocks in programming. In this video, I want to talk about the use of print block in programming.
PS: I know you might agree with some of the points that I have raised in this article. You might not agree with some of the issues raised. Let me know your views about the topic discussed. We will appreciate it if you could drop your comment. Thanks in anticipation.
Fact Check Policy
CRMNuggets is committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
Here are some of the facts you need to know about How to use Multiple Blocks in Programming.
Fact Check Policy
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
Become Part of our fan base on Facebook. Click Here. Follow Us on Twitter. Click Here. Many Crypto. One place. UseRoqqu
Hi, I now use RavenBank to send, receive, and save money. I also pay my bills with ease,you should try it out too
OUR MISSION
To create well-reached content that will increase the intellectual prowess of our readers.
OUR VISION
To become a reference point in the blogging space by the year 2030. We want to be among the first 30 blogs in Nigeria.
Official Social Media Pages for crmnuggets.com
To Get Email Updates when we post new content,Click Here.
In my previous article, I have talked about some of the ways of creating multiple blocks in programming. In this article, I want to look at ways of creating variables in programming. Follow me as we will look at this together in this video.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous articles, I have talked about multiple variables in programming. In this video, I want to talk about way of changing value to variables in programming. Follow me as we will look at that together in this article.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous video, I have explained some of the facts that you need to know about creating multiple blocks in programming. In this article, I want to look at how to change a Variable’s value in programming. Follow me as we are going to look at that in this article.
Imagine getting to a hospital and are told that you had kidney failure. What will be your reaction? Some of these diseases, most especially kidney disease is seen as a death sentence, but the amazing thing is that STC 30 has been used to cure many diseases and ailment.
This video shows how a medical doctor got a cure for kidney failure.
In case you want to buy STC 30 or you want to join the team of people making abundant wealth through STC 30, you can make use of the contact form below.
Waterproof vinyl flooring is on the verge of overtaking the laminate flooring industry, according to a new study by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Elastic floor coverings include a wide range of materials that are almost always classified as floor coverings, including wood, fibreglass, polyurethane and other materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
These materials, commonly referred to as flooring, include wood, fiberglass, polyurethane and other materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
Laminates (not to be confused with hardwood) are a family of floors and materials that include laminate, laminate and wood floors, as well as some other types of wood.
A ground floor can be a solid floor made of concrete slabs or a bed made of earth. Floors that float, rise or jump can be laid on a subfloor below, which provides structural strength.
With floating floors, laminate flooring is not anchored at all to the substrate of the floor, but is stabilized by its sheer size and weight, which keeps it in place.
A floating floor system is considered one of the most common types of floor design in the US, but it is not the only one.
Technical wooden floors can be installed in a variety of shapes, sizes and shapes for different purposes. If you are installing a floating floor that does not stick to the floor, or a specially designed hardwood floor, you can install it on a cabinet that is at least as high as the cabinet itself.
This gives the structural integrity of a floor, as well as its durability and durability, an additional dimensional stability.
Laminate floors are extremely easy to clean because their smooth surface does not trap dirt and dirt. Solid wood floors, on the other hand, are not constructed and do not stick together with glue.
Unlike a solid wood floor, which needs to be revived in the event of scratches or wear, a good, high-quality wood floor can be left as soon as it wears out.
If the room you are installing a new floor has underfloor heating, it is important that you choose a floor covering version that is suitable for underfloor heating.
The underfloor heating changes the moisture content of the wood and you should choose a wooden floor that can adapt to the changing floor temperature without changing the appearance of your floor.
Technical wood is the best type of wood floor that can be used in floors with heating system, as it is well-proven in case of temperature fluctuations of the floor.
A backing is a piece of material placed under the floor in the form of a thin layer on the wooden floor or other materials. It is the thin padding that is laid under different types of floors, including laminate, a substrate material with a thickness of about 0.5 mm.
If you remove the parquet floor, you can also find long, narrow, rough boards that run vertically to it.
The surface of the floor covering or flooring is a decorative layer and it is likely that it will be on the entire wall. It is the layer on which people walk when they walk over laminate floors and push furniture across the floor.
Once the wall is installed, the floor is laid and rubs against the substrate while people walk and move furniture on it and also the walls.
If the floor on the ground floor is not resting on a base, moisture can damage the laminate floor and the footsound is carried through the room by the wood or laminate floor. If the floor of your house or property is uneven, the noise can be transferred to the floors below.
The surface of ceramic tiles or stone can produce echoes, and wooden and laminate floors will carry sound steps through the room.
Although laminated floors are quiet when walking, they can move and move because they have no supports or supports.
Concrete floors need to be stained more often than other floors, but they are not as expensive as other types of floors, such as hardwood or wood. The installation of hardwood flooring also leads to high water retention, which can cause damage to the wood or laminate flooring.
It depends on the brand, because hardwood floors are designed and constructed and most manufacturers have collections that use the floating floor method for laying.
There are numerous cheaper options, including ceramic, marble, ceramic – marble and hardwoods, as well as laminate.
All these flooring materials can be copied and I am sure you have heard that there are some that are a good choice for people who are not prepared to spend the money needed to lay ceramics, marble or hardwood flooring.
However, if you have too much blood for hard wooden floors, you cannot hear them because the risk of damage to the wood or laminate flooring is high.
In case you are feeling insecure when you walk, experience weakness or pain, or have had a fall, then you may be considering getting a walking aid.
Mobility aids are gadgets planned to assist people who have problems moving around enjoy more noteworthy flexibility and freedom.
Typically, people who have inabilities or injuries, or older grown-ups who are at expanded risk of falling, select to utilize mobility aids.
These devices give a few benefits to users, including more freedom, diminished pain, and increased confidence and self-esteem. The purpose of walking aids
walking aids is usually for two purposes:
As the portion of a recovery programme if you’re recovering from damage or operation
As a long-term aid to mobility in case, you have ongoing trouble with walking.
It may begin with the use of one kind of walking help to provide you confidence before progressing to another walking aid.
The extreme point of a recovery program is for you to regain as much freedom and security as possible in your walking, ideally without walking equipment.
Sometimes total recovery isn’t possible, or you may have a sickness or disability that permanently affects your legs, adjust or coordination. In these circumstances, mobility equipment may be required for long-term use.
Walking equipment may perform one or more capacities including:
Gives greater stability and adjust by giving a wider support base
increasing your confidence in your walking capacity.
Types of mobility aids: The type of mobility aid depends on the mobility issue. The most common types of mobility aid are-Accessory One: Folding Walking Cane.
These are lightweight metal sticks with separated shafts that enable them to be collapsed up for storage, for example in a handbag. Solid flexible runs interior the shaft to guarantee that in its open position the stick remains stable.
Fixed stature or flexible height forms are available. A few are given with a plastic, storage bag.
Accessory Two: Height Adjustable Stick Seat
Walking Stick Seats are an extremely valuable aid for people who love to get out. These are particularly valuable for individuals who got to rest occasionally – maybe with breathing troubles or a heart condition – or for people who find it difficult to stand while holding up in a queue.
They are not suggested for individuals who have to take a part of weight through the stick, as the addition of a seat changes the adjust of the stick.
Do you like to induce outdoors, but like or have to be sitting down from time to time? Walking stick seats are planned to be lightweight and stylish. A seat stick helps to advance freedom and increment confidence.
Accessory Three: Walking Stick Shape A variety of distinctively shaped handles are accessible including:
Crook handles
These may be less comfortable to hold than a right-angled handle, but can effectively be hooked over the arm when not in use.
Right-angled or T-shaped handles
These are regularly more comfortable to use than a crook handle. The addition of a wrist strap may be valuable to secure the stick when it isn’t in use.
Accessory Four: Large Base Walking Sticks These walking sticks are three- or four-point base. All tripods are made of metal, ordinarily aluminum or steel, and have an adjustable instrument for altering height using spring-loaded catches. It is exceptionally imperative to have the tripod at the right stature for use.
Maintaining your walking equipment: All walking equipment should be checked frequently for signs of wear and tear.
Especially powerless parts include the ferrules, which are the elastic cap set on the conclusion of the walking stick or outline to provide grip and stability on the floor surface.
The ferrules must be replaced in case the slip-resistant rings or bobbles on their underside lose their definition, or if the elastic appears signs of cracking.
In case you feel that your walking device is structurally no longer secure to use, inform the issuing department which may provide you with a replacement.
In case you have bought your walking device secretly, then you are responsible for maintenance and upkeep.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
When it comes to the issue of security of our properties or our devices, it seems to be an issue that concerns all of us. In this article, I want to talk about six common Terminologies in computer Security. Follow me as we will familiarize ourselves with these terms in this article.
#1 Threat
A threat can be seen as an action that has the tendency to violate or compromise computer security. Anything that you do or someone else does that can open up your system to attack is a threat.
#2 Exploit
Exploit has to do with any breach in computer security that allows people to take advantage of the vulnerability of a system.
Let’s say for example you have a weak password on your system or you do not have a password at all and this allows people to steal vital information from your system. That is a typical example of an exploit.
#3 Vulnerability
This has to do with the existence of weakness, design or implementation error that can lead to unexpected, undesirable events that can compromise the security of a system.
#4 Cracker, attacker or intruder
This is an individual who breaks into a system in order to steal or destroy information available on that particular system. Some also like to refer to them as Dark Angels.
#5 Attack
The attack is any action derived from intelligent threats that are meant to violate the security of a system.
#6 Data theft
This has to do with any actions that are carried out in order to steal critical information from the users’ system. Most at times, passwords and other vital documents are stolen in order to use the user’s identity to commit crimes.
Fact Check Policy
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
First and foremost, there are many of us that are so careless about our devices. How many of us password our system or devices.
Some do not even believe that it is necessary to add strong passwords to their devices.
This makes it very easy for intruders to have access to your devices. In this article, I want to talk about four reasons why you need computer security. Follow me as we are going to look at some of these reasons together in this article.
What is computer security?
Security can be defined as the state of well being of information and infrastructure that are stored inside our devices.
Computer Security is the protection of computer resources and other information that are stored and processed on a computer system.
Why then do we need computer security…
#1 CIA
Computer Security is needed in order to protect the Confidentiality, Integrity and availability of computer systems and resources.
If will ensure that information is available when they are needed and that it is coming from the expected source.
#2 Complexity
You also need to know that computer administration and management has become so complex and this has provided more avenue for attacks.
For instance, some of us like to have many apps on our devices. The truth of the matter is that the more app that you have, the more medium for hackers to attack your devices.
#3 Evolution of technology
Another major is that the evolution of new technologies has focused more on ease of use than security. Some of the new devices try to make their devices easier to use and they do not try in any way to make their devices difficult so that more people will appreciate their products.
This also creates an avenue for hackers to attack legitimate users.
#4 Network paths
Also, when two or more devices are connected to share resources together, it will create an avenue for network attacks.
In this case, once the intruder is successful in attacking one of the devices, it will also spread to other devices on the network as well.
PS: I know you might agree with some of the points that I have raised in this article. You might not agree with some of the issues raised. Let me know your views about the topic discussed. We will appreciate it if you could drop your comment. Thanks in anticipation.
Fact Check Policy
CRMNuggets is committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
There are many things that can happen when it comes to computer security.
So many things can go wrong. If you are not security conscious and take the security of your devices serious, it can open you up to many forms of attacks.
Potential losses due to Security Attacks
In this article, I want to look at some of the potential losses due to security attacks. Follow me as we are going to analyze this together in this article.
#1 Misuse of resources
It is being said that when you don’t know the bye of something, abuse is inevitable. That is the same with someone that has access to your resources without your consent.
They are going to use the resources available on your system in a way that it will be of no use to use. This at times might even harm your reputation.
There are many things that can happen when it comes to computer security. So many things can go wrong. If you are not security conscious and take the security of your devices serious , it can open you up to many forms of attacks. In this article, I want to look at some of the potential losses due to security attacks. Follow me as we are going to analyze this together in this article.
#1 Misuse of resources
It is being said that when you don’t know the bye of something, abuse is inevitable. That is the same with someone that has access to your resources without your consent.
They are going to use the resources available on your system in a way that it will be of no use to use. This at times might even harm your reputation.
#2 Data loss
Also, unauthorized access to a computer and other personal devices can also lead to Data loss for the user. It is very possible for the individual that has access to such devices to steal personal data that belongs to the owner.
#2 Financial loss
Also, unauthorised access to computer devices can lead to financial losses. At times, hackers are able to steal personal information including passwords. This will allow them to move funds from bank accounts.
#3 Denial of service
Stealing of personal data from computers and other devices can also leads to denial of service attacks.
This happens when online or computer resources are not available to users as at when needed. It can deny legitimate users access to resources needed at any given time.
#4 Loss/theft
Unauthorized access can also leads to loss or theft of computer resources. The intruder might want to steal personal information and use it for social engineering attacks. This might allow the intruder to commit crimes with data that are stolen from the computer devices.
#5 Loss of trust
Now I want you to imagine! Let us imagine that someone committed a crime in your name. Do you think it will be that easy for you to clear your name?
People that have known you will now tag you as a thief. If the culprit is not apprehended, it will be very difficult for you to clear your name. That is why you have to guard your data jealously.
#6 Identity theft
Another issue you can face due to security attacks is identity theft. It will be very easy for people to take on your personality and use it in committing crimes. Some of these hackers can steal your National Identity Number or Social Security Number and use it to commit serious crimes.
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous article, there are several things that I have said about computer security. In this article, I really want to clear some doubts.
I will be talking about some of the elements of computer security so that users can understand what computer security is all about. Follow me as we are going to look at that together in this article.
#1 Confidentiality
This has to do with ensuring that information is only accessible to only those that are authorised to view that information. It will ensure that information is not unnecessarily tampered with.
#2 Authenticity
This has to do with assurance of the origin of the information. There are ways that senders and receivers can always follow in order to ensure that the information is actually coming from the right source.
#3 Integrity
Integrity in computer security has to do with ensuring that information is complete, original and that they have not tampered. All this ensures that the receiver can trust that the information; that are been received are in the original state as sent by the sender.
#4 Availability
It has to do with ensuring that the information is available to the right user at the right time without any delay whatsoever. As long as the user has the right credentials, they must be able to assess all the necessary information. That they need.
#5 Non-repudiation
Non-repudiation is a process or technology that ensures that a party to information is not able to deny the fact that they are the one that signed a particular document. It allows the receiver to trace the exact origin of the document that they have received.
Fact Check Policy
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
In my previous article, I have talked about some of the facts that we need to know about computer security.
I also discussed how you should always take the security of your devices seriously.
Discussing Ease of Use Triangle
In this article, I want to talk about all that you need to know about the ease of use triangle in computer security. Follow me as we are going to look at that together in this article.
When one considers devices that are released generally, you will understand that they are very easy to use.
It is not that the creators do not consider security, but they always try to make sure that it is straightforward to use generally.
This also means that the more these organisations produce these devices and move towards these ease of use, they will be moving away from security.
That shows that when organisations try to make their devices easier for users to use,
When it comes to organisations, you as the Security Manager have to understand that some of the employees might not really take security seriously. They will feel the inconveniencies when they have to change their passwords every three weeks.
This might lead to a situation where they might take the security of devices with levity.
You as the Manager has to ensure that security measures are complied with. You might program the applications to force staffs to change their passwords as at when due.
. As you will see, Samson has not always been a customer of his current bank.
As happens all too often today. Samson brought his business from a competitor when his initial bank would not, or could not, adapt his treatment of him to reflect his increasing value and changing banking requirements.
Fact Check Policy
CRMNuggetsis committed to fact-checking in a fair, transparent, and non-partisan manner. Therefore, if you’ve found an error in any of our reports, be it factual, editorial, or an outdated post, please contact us to tell us about it.
