Malware Analysis Basics

Malware Analysis Basics

Malware analysis is the process of examining malicious software to understand its structure, behavior, and impact. It helps security analysts detect, mitigate, and prevent future attacks.

Objectives of Malware Analysis

• Identify what the malware does and how it spreads.
• Understand its persistence mechanisms.
• Determine indicators of compromise (IoCs).
• Develop detection signatures and mitigation strategies.

Types of Malware Analysis

a. Static Analysis

Examines the malware without executing it.

• Goal: Understand structure and functionality.
• Techniques:
  • Checking file hashes (MD5, SHA256)
  • Inspecting file headers and metadata
  • Disassembling code (with tools like IDA Pro, Ghidra)
  • Reviewing strings and embedded resources

Advantages: Safe, quick, and useful for identifying known threats.
Limitations: Cannot reveal runtime behavior or hidden payloads.

b. Dynamic Analysis

Involves executing the malware in a controlled, isolated environment (sandbox).

• Goal: Observe real-time behavior and system changes.
• Techniques:
  • Monitoring file system changes
  • Tracking network connections
  • Observing registry modifications
  • Watching process creation and termination

Advantages: Reveals runtime actions and C2 communication.
Limitations: Risky if sandbox escapes occur; requires careful setup.

c. Hybrid Analysis

Combines static and dynamic techniques for deeper insight. Many modern tools (like Cuckoo Sandbox or Any.Run) use this approach automatically.

Common Tools

• Static: PEiD, BinText, IDA Pro, Ghidra
• Dynamic: Process Monitor, Wireshark, Cuckoo Sandbox
• Memory Analysis: Volatility, Redline

Key Indicators to Look For

• Suspicious network connections
• New or modified system files
• Registry persistence entries
• Hidden or packed executables
• Unusual process activity

Safe Environment for Analysis

• Use isolated virtual machines
• Disable internet access or route through a controlled gateway
• Take snapshots before analysis for easy rollback

 Deliverables

After analysis, produce a malware analysis report including:

• Summary of behavior
• Infection vector and persistence method
• IoCs (domains, IPs, file hashes, registry keys)
• Mitigation and removal steps