Here is a complete HTML module for the French Expert course, Module One. It is written in simple English suitable for a 13-year-old and covers advanced grammar foundations: the plus-que-parfait, futur antérieur, conditionnel passé, subjonctif passé, and tense harmony. ```html

French Expert

Module 1: Advanced Grammar Foundations

Level: C1 (Advanced)  |  Duration: Weeks 1–2  |  Focus: Advanced tenses & complex sentences

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1. Module Introduction

Welcome to the French Expert course! You have come a very long way. In the Beginner course, you learned the alphabet, greetings, and simple verbs. In the Intermediate course, you learned to talk about the past and the future, to express opinions, and to write formal and informal messages.

Now, in the Expert course, you are entering a new level of French. This is the level where you stop being a learner and start being a writer. This is where French becomes not just a language you know, but a language you master.

In this first module, you will learn something very important: the advanced tenses. These are the tenses that let you say things like:

• "When I arrived, she had already left." (plus-que-parfait)
• "By next year, I will have finished my studies." (futur antérieur)
• "I would have helped if I had known." (conditionnel passé)
• "I am sorry that you were not able to come." (subjonctif passé)

These sentences are not simple. They describe events that happen before or after other events. They describe regrets and imaginary situations. They describe complex feelings.

At the expert level, you need these tools. And in this module, you will learn them — step by step, one at a time.

Do not worry if this sounds hard. We will use stories, pictures, and lots of examples. You have already learned so much. You are ready for this.

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2. Learning Objectives

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Explain what the plus-que-parfait is and when to use it.
2. Form the plus-que-parfait with both avoir and être.
3. Explain what the futur antérieur is and when to use it.
4. Form the futur antérieur for regular and irregular verbs.
5. Explain what the conditionnel passé is and when to use it.
6. Form the conditionnel passé.
7. Explain what the subjonctif passé is and when to use it.
8. Form the subjonctif passé.
9. Use tense harmony (concordance des temps) in long sentences.
10. Write a complex narrative using all four advanced tenses.

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3. Warm-up Story

Amara's Missing Phone

Amara woke up on Sunday morning and reached for her phone. It was not on her bedside table. She sat up quickly.

"Where is my phone?" she asked herself.

She thought back to the day before. She had used her phone at the market. She had taken many photos. She had sent messages to her friends. But after that, she could not remember where she had put it.

She went downstairs. Her mother was in the kitchen.

"Mum, have you seen my phone?" Amara asked.

"No, dear. But don't worry. If you had looked in your bag, you would have found it."

Amara ran back upstairs. She opened her bag. There it was — the phone!

"Oh, thank you, Mum!" Amara said. "I am so happy that I had put it there."

Her mother laughed. "By tonight, you will have learned a lesson: always check your bag first."

Amara laughed too. But then she stopped. Something in her mother's sentences had caught her attention.

"Mum, you used some strange verb forms just now. 'Would have found,' 'will have learned,' 'had put' — what are those?"

Her mother smiled. "Those are advanced tenses, Amara. In French, they are the plus-que-parfait, the futur antérieur, the conditionnel passé, and the subjonctif passé."

"That sounds like a lot."

"It is," her mother said. "But they are the tenses that let you describe complex situations. Once you know them, you can say anything in French."

Amara picked up her notebook. "Then I want to learn them."

In this module, you will learn exactly what Amara learned. You will learn the four advanced tenses that turn good French into expert French.

AMARA'S DISCOVERY — FOUR ADVANCED TENSES
========================================

   In one short story, Amara's mother used:

   1. "had used"          -- plus-que-parfait
   2. "had taken"         -- plus-que-parfait
   3. "had put"           -- plus-que-parfait
   4. "would have found"  -- conditionnel passé
   5. "will have learned" -- futur antérieur
   6. "had put" (again)   -- plus-que-parfait (after "happy that")

   These four tenses are the tools of advanced French.
   Learn them, and you can describe anything.
  

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4. Main Lessons

Lesson 1: Understanding Time Layers

Definition

A time layer is a level of time within a story. When you tell a story in the past, you can also talk about something that happened before that past. This is called a "layer" of time.

Why It Is Important

At the beginner and intermediate levels, you only needed one layer of time. At the expert level, you need several. Real stories often involve events that happened at different times.

Simple Explanation

Think of a cake with many layers. The bottom layer is the earliest time. The middle layer is the next time. The top layer is the most recent time. In French, each layer uses a different tense.

The Three Main Time Layers

Layer	Meaning	Tense Used
Layer 1	The past (events that are finished)	Passé composé / Imparfait
Layer 2	Before the past (events that happened earlier)	Plus-que-parfait
Layer 3	The future before another future event	Futur antérieur

Real-life Example

"When I arrived at the party, my friend had already left." The leaving happened before the arriving. Two time layers.

School Example

"When the teacher entered, the students had finished their work." The finishing happened before the entering.

Home Example

"By the time we arrived, mum had cooked dinner." Cooking happened before arriving.

Nigerian Example

"When we reached Lagos, the ceremony had already started." Starting happened before reaching.

Illustration

TIME LAYERS — A VISUAL
======================

   PAST-BEFORE-PAST        PAST               NOW
   (plus-que-parfait)      (passé composé)    (present)

        |                    |                  |
        V                    V                  V

   "She HAD LEFT."  -->  "I ARRIVED."  -->  (I am here now)

   In order:

   Layer 2 (earlier)  ---->  Layer 1 (later)  ---->  Now

   The cake has many layers.
   So does time in a story.
  

Mini Summary

Time layers describe events that happen before or after other events. The past tense describes the main past. The plus-que-parfait describes the past before that past. The futur antérieur describes events in the future that come before other future events.

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Lesson 2: The Plus-Que-Parfait

Definition

The plus-que-parfait is the "past before the past." It describes something that had already happened before another event in the past.

Why It Is Important

In storytelling, you often need to mention earlier events. The plus-que-parfait lets you do this smoothly.

Simple Explanation

Think of a football match. You are watching the second half. But you want to talk about the goal that was scored in the first half. That is the plus-que-parfait: it refers to something that happened earlier in the past.

How It Is Formed

The plus-que-parfait is formed using avoir or être in the imparfait, plus the past participle.

Part	What It Is	Example with manger
Auxiliary (imparfait)	avais, avais, avait, avions, aviez, avaient	j'avais
Past participle	mangé, fini, vendu, etc.	mangé
Full form	—	j'avais mangé

Examples with Avoir

Subject	Form	Meaning
j'	avais mangé	I had eaten
tu	avais mangé	you had eaten
il / elle	avait mangé	he / she had eaten
nous	avions mangé	we had eaten
vous	aviez mangé	you had eaten
ils / elles	avaient mangé	they had eaten

Examples with Être

Subject	Form	Meaning
j'	étais allé(e)	I had gone
tu	étais allé(e)	you had gone
il / elle	était allé(e)	he / she had gone
nous	étions allé(e)s	we had gone
vous	étiez allé(e)(s)	you had gone
ils / elles	étaient allé(e)s	they had gone

Agreement rule: Just like in the passé composé, past participles agree with the subject when using être. They do not agree when using avoir.

Real-life Example

Quand je suis arrivé à la gare, le train était déjà parti. → "When I arrived at the station, the train had already left."

School Example

Quand le professeur est entré, les élèves avaient fini leurs devoirs. → "When the teacher entered, the students had finished their homework."

Home Example

Quand je suis rentré, ma mère avait préparé le dîner. → "When I came home, my mother had prepared dinner."

Nigerian Example

Quand nous sommes arrivés à Abuja, la fête avait déjà commencé. → "When we arrived in Abuja, the party had already started."

Illustration

THE PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT — A VISUAL
===============================

   FORMULA:
   auxiliary (imparfait)  +  past participle

   With avoir:
   j'avais + mangé       = j'avais mangé
   il avait + fini       = il avait fini
   nous avions + vu      = nous avions vu

   With être:
   j'étais + allé(e)     = j'étais allé(e)
   elle était + venue    = elle était venue
   ils étaient + partis  = ils étaient partis

   Timeline:

   PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT        PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
   (earlier past)          (later past)

        |                       |
        V                       V

   "J'avais mangé"  -->   "Je suis sorti."

   I had eaten  -->  I went out.
  

Mini Summary

The plus-que-parfait describes the past before the past. It is formed with avoir or être in the imparfait, plus a past participle. It answers the question "What had already happened?"

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Lesson 3: The Futur Antérieur

Definition

The futur antérieur is the "future before the future." It describes something that will have happened before another future event.

Why It Is Important

At the expert level, you often need to describe plans that depend on earlier future events. The futur antérieur lets you say things like "By next year, I will have finished."

Simple Explanation

Imagine you are planning a trip. You will arrive at the airport. But before that, you will have packed your bags. That earlier action — the packing — is the futur antérieur.

How It Is Formed

The futur antérieur uses avoir or être in the futur simple, plus the past participle.

Subject	Auxiliary in Future	Past Participle	Full Form
j'	aurai	mangé	j'aurai mangé
tu	auras	mangé	tu auras mangé
il / elle	aura	mangé	il aura mangé
nous	aurons	mangé	nous aurons mangé
vous	aurez	mangé	vous aurez mangé
ils / elles	auront	mangé	ils auront mangé

With Être

Subject	Auxiliary in Future	Example	Meaning
je	serai	je serai allé(e)	I will have gone
tu	seras	tu seras allé(e)	you will have gone
il / elle	sera	il sera allé	he will have gone
nous	serons	nous serons allé(e)s	we will have gone
vous	serez	vous serez allé(e)(s)	you will have gone
ils / elles	seront	ils seront allés	they will have gone

Common Time Markers

French	English
d'ici…	by…
avant…	before…
quand…	when…
dès que…	as soon as…
une fois que…	once…
l'année prochaine	next year

Real-life Example

D'ici la fin de l'année, j'aurai fini mes études. → "By the end of the year, I will have finished my studies."

School Example

Quand tu arriveras, j'aurai déjà commencé l'examen. → "When you arrive, I will have already started the exam."

Home Example

Quand ma mère rentrera, j'aurai préparé le dîner. → "When my mother comes home, I will have prepared dinner."

Nigerian Example

D'ici 2030, notre pays aura construit beaucoup de nouvelles écoles. → "By 2030, our country will have built many new schools."

Illustration

THE FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR — A VISUAL
==============================

   FORMULA:
   auxiliary (futur simple) + past participle

   With avoir:
   j'aurai + mangé       = j'aurai mangé
   il aura + fini        = il aura fini

   With être:
   je serai + allé(e)    = je serai allé(e)
   elle sera + venue     = elle sera venue

   Timeline:

   NOW            FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR        FUTUR SIMPLE
                  (earlier future)       (later future)

    |                    |                      |
    V                    V                      V

    "Je vais    -->   "J'aurai mangé"  -->  "Je sortirai"
     manger"           (I will have          (I will go
                        eaten)                out)

   The earlier future event uses the futur antérieur.
   The later future event uses the futur simple.
  

Mini Summary

The futur antérieur describes the future before the future. It is formed with avoir or être in the futur simple, plus a past participle. Use it with time markers like d'ici and quand.

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Lesson 4: The Conditionnel Passé

Definition

The conditionnel passé means "would have." It describes things that did not happen but could have happened.

Why It Is Important

The conditionnel passé is used for regrets, missed opportunities, and imaginary past situations. It is one of the most expressive tenses in French.

Simple Explanation

Think of a missed bus. You did not catch it. But you could have caught it if you had run faster. That "could have caught" is the conditionnel passé.

How It Is Formed

The conditionnel passé uses avoir or être in the conditional present, plus the past participle.

Subject	Auxiliary in Conditional	Example	Meaning
j'	aurais	j'aurais mangé	I would have eaten
tu	aurais	tu aurais mangé	you would have eaten
il / elle	aurait	il aurait mangé	he would have eaten
nous	aurions	nous aurions mangé	we would have eaten
vous	auriez	vous auriez mangé	you would have eaten
ils / elles	auraient	ils auraient mangé	they would have eaten

With Être

Subject	Auxiliary	Example	Meaning
je	serais	je serais allé(e)	I would have gone
tu	serais	tu serais allé(e)	you would have gone
il / elle	serait	il serait allé	he would have gone
nous	serions	nous serions allé(e)s	we would have gone
vous	seriez	vous seriez allé(e)(s)	you would have gone
ils / elles	seraient	ils seraient allés	they would have gone

Common Uses

Use	Example	Meaning
Regret	J'aurais dû étudier.	I should have studied.
Missed opportunity	Nous aurions pu partir plus tôt.	We could have left earlier.
Imaginary past	Il aurait été content.	He would have been happy.
Speculation about the past	Elle serait partie hier.	She supposedly left yesterday.

Real-life Example

Si j'avais su, j'aurais agi différemment. → "If I had known, I would have acted differently."

School Example

J'aurais pu avoir une meilleure note. → "I could have had a better grade."

Home Example

Nous aurions dû partir plus tôt. → "We should have left earlier."

Nigerian Example

Si nous avions quitté Lagos plus tôt, nous aurions évité le trafic. → "If we had left Lagos earlier, we would have avoided the traffic."

Illustration

THE CONDITIONNEL PASSÉ — A VISUAL
=================================

   FORMULA:
   auxiliary (conditional present) + past participle

   With avoir:
   j'aurais + mangé      = j'aurais mangé
   il aurait + fini      = il aurait fini

   With être:
   je serais + allé(e)   = je serais allé(e)
   elle serait + venue   = elle serait venue

   Compare three sentences:

   FUTURE:      "Je mangerai."       (I will eat.)
   CONDITIONAL: "Je mangerais."      (I would eat.)
   COND. PAST:  "J'aurais mangé."    (I would have eaten.)

   The conditionnel passé expresses regrets and unreal pasts.
  

Mini Summary

The conditionnel passé means "would have." It is used for regrets, missed opportunities, and imaginary past situations. It uses avoir or être in the conditional present, plus a past participle.

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Lesson 5: The Subjonctif Passé

Definition

The subjonctif passé is the past form of the subjunctive. It is used after expressions of emotion, doubt, and necessity when the action has already happened.

Why It Is Important

At the expert level, you will need to express feelings about past events. The subjonctif passé lets you do this precisely.

Simple Explanation

Remember the subjunctive? It appears after expressions like il faut que and je suis content que. When the action in the subjunctive clause has already happened, you use the subjonctif passé instead.

How It Is Formed

The subjonctif passé uses avoir or être in the subjunctive present, plus the past participle.

Subject	Auxiliary	Example with avoir	Example with être
que je	aie / sois	que j'aie mangé	que je sois allé(e)
que tu	aies / sois	que tu aies mangé	que tu sois allé(e)
qu'il / elle	ait / soit	qu'il ait mangé	qu'elle soit allée
que nous	ayons / soyons	que nous ayons mangé	que nous soyons allé(e)s
que vous	ayez / soyez	que vous ayez mangé	que vous soyez allé(e)(s)
qu'ils / elles	aient / soient	qu'ils aient mangé	qu'elles soient allées

Common Triggers

Expression	Example	Meaning
Je suis content(e) que…	Je suis content que tu sois venu.	I am happy that you came.
Je suis désolé(e) que…	Je suis désolé que tu n'aies pas pu venir.	I am sorry that you could not come.
Il est dommage que…	Il est dommage qu'il soit parti.	It is a pity that he left.
Je doute que…	Je doute qu'elle ait fini.	I doubt that she finished.
Il faut que…	Il faut que tu aies fini avant midi.	You must have finished before noon.

Real-life Example

Je suis content que tu sois venu à la fête. → "I am happy that you came to the party."

School Example

Le professeur est content que nous ayons fini nos devoirs. → "The teacher is happy that we finished our homework."

Home Example

Je suis désolé que tu aies dû attendre. → "I am sorry that you had to wait."

Nigerian Example

Je suis fier que mon frère soit devenu médecin. → "I am proud that my brother became a doctor."

Illustration

SUBJONCTIF PRÉSENT vs. SUBJONCTIF PASSÉ
=======================================

   SUBJONCTIF PRÉSENT (action happens now or in future):
   "Je suis content que tu VIENNES."
                   ^^^^^^^
                    present action

   SUBJONCTIF PASSÉ (action already happened):
   "Je suis content que tu SOIS VENU."
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^
                    past action

   FORMULA:
   subjunctive auxiliary + past participle

   With avoir:      que j'aie mangé
   With être:       que je sois allé(e)
  

Mini Summary

The subjonctif passé is the past form of the subjunctive. It uses avoir or être in the subjunctive present, plus a past participle. It appears after emotions, doubts, and necessities that refer to past events.

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Lesson 6: Comparing the Four Advanced Tenses

Definition

This lesson puts all four advanced tenses together so you can see the differences clearly.

Why It Is Important

Each tense has a specific use. Mixing them up leads to unclear writing. Knowing the difference makes you a precise writer.

Simple Explanation

Think of four different tools. A hammer, a screwdriver, a saw, and a drill. Each one is for a different job. The four advanced tenses are the same — each one has its own special use.

The Four Tenses Compared

Tense	Meaning	Use	Example
Plus-que-parfait	had done	Past before past	J'avais mangé.
Futur antérieur	will have done	Future before future	J'aurai mangé.
Conditionnel passé	would have done	Imagined past, regret	J'aurais mangé.
Subjonctif passé	that I had done	Emotion about past	Que j'aie mangé.

The Pattern

THE FOUR ADVANCED TENSES — ONE PATTERN
======================================

   All four follow the SAME pattern:

   AUXILIARY in a specific tense + PAST PARTICIPLE

   Plus-que-parfait:   auxiliary in IMPARFAIT + participle
   Futur antérieur:    auxiliary in FUTUR SIMPLE + participle
   Conditionnel passé: auxiliary in CONDITIONAL + participle
   Subjonctif passé:   auxiliary in SUBJONCTIF + participle

   Once you know the pattern, you know all four.
    

Real-life Example

Consider one verb — manger:

• J'avais mangé. — I had eaten. (before another past event)
• J'aurai mangé. — I will have eaten. (before another future event)
• J'aurais mangé. — I would have eaten. (but I did not)
• Que j'aie mangé. — That I had eaten. (after an emotion)

School Example

The teacher might ask: "Rewrite this sentence in the four advanced tenses." You can do it because you know the pattern.

Home Example

In a letter to a relative, you might use two or three of these tenses to talk about your year.

Nigerian Example

Si j'avais su que la fête serait si belle, j'aurais invité plus d'amis. → "If I had known the party would be so beautiful, I would have invited more friends."

Illustration

FOUR TENSES — ONE PICTURE
=========================

                          PAST PARTICIPLE
                                |
                                |
   IMPARFAIT + participle  --> Plus-que-parfait
   FUTUR + participle      --> Futur antérieur
   CONDITIONNEL + participle --> Conditionnel passé
   SUBJONCTIF + participle --> Subjonctif passé

   The auxiliary changes. The participle stays.
   Learn the four auxiliaries, learn the four tenses.
    

Mini Summary

All four advanced tenses follow the same pattern: an auxiliary in a specific tense plus a past participle. The auxiliary changes; the participle stays the same. Learn the four auxiliaries and you know all four tenses.

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Lesson 7: Tense Harmony (Concordance des Temps)

Definition

Tense harmony means keeping tenses consistent when you tell a story or describe a situation. It is the art of matching tenses so your writing flows smoothly.

Why It Is Important

Without tense harmony, your writing sounds choppy and unclear. With it, your writing sounds professional and natural.

Simple Explanation

Think of a musician. She does not suddenly change key in the middle of a song. In the same way, a writer does not suddenly change tense in the middle of a story. The tenses should match.

The Main Rules

Main Clause	Subordinate Clause	Example
Present	Present or future	Je pense qu'il est là.
Past	Imperfect	Je pensais qu'il était là.
Past	Plus-que-parfait	Je pensais qu'il avait été là.
Future	Future	Je penserai qu'il sera là.
Conditional	Conditional	Je penserais qu'il serait là.

Real-life Example

Il a dit qu'il viendrait. → "He said that he would come." Notice the main verb is past and the subordinate verb is conditional.

School Example

Le professeur a expliqué que la leçon était difficile. → "The teacher explained that the lesson was difficult."

Home Example

Ma mère a dit qu'elle avait préparé le dîner. → "My mother said that she had prepared dinner."

Nigerian Example

Mon père m'a dit qu'il avait voyagé à Londres quand il était jeune. → "My father told me that he had travelled to London when he was young."

Illustration

TENSE HARMONY — A VISUAL
========================

   MAIN CLAUSE TENSE       SUBORDINATE TENSE
   -----------------       ------------------

   PRESENT       --------> Present / Future

   PAST          --------> Imperfect / Plus-que-parfait

   FUTURE        --------> Future

   CONDITIONAL   --------> Conditional

   Match tenses to keep your writing smooth.

   WRONG:  Je pensais qu'il EST là.
   RIGHT:  Je pensais qu'il ÉTAIT là.
  

Mini Summary

Tense harmony means keeping tenses consistent in a story. The main clause sets the tone, and the subordinate clause follows. Match them carefully.

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Lesson 8: The Plus-Que-Parfait vs. Passé Composé

Definition

Both tenses describe the past. But the plus-que-parfait describes an earlier past, while the passé composé describes the main past action.

Why It Is Important

Mixing these two up is one of the most common advanced errors. Knowing the difference is a sign of mastery.

Simple Explanation

Think of two dominoes. The first one falls, then the second. The first one uses the plus-que-parfait. The second uses the passé composé.

The Comparison

Tense	Meaning	Timeline
Plus-que-parfait	had done	Earlier past
Passé composé	did / have done	Later past

Examples

French	English
Quand je suis arrivé, elle avait déjà mangé.	When I arrived, she had already eaten.
Quand le film a commencé, nous avions déjà acheté les billets.	When the film started, we had already bought the tickets.
Quand il a téléphoné, j'avais déjà quitté la maison.	When he called, I had already left the house.

Real-life Example

Quand je suis arrivé à la fête, mes amis étaient déjà partis. → "When I arrived at the party, my friends had already left."

School Example

Quand la cloche a sonné, les élèves avaient déjà rangé leurs livres. → "When the bell rang, the students had already put away their books."

Home Example

Quand je suis rentré, ma sœur avait déjà fait ses devoirs. → "When I came home, my sister had already done her homework."

Nigerian Example

Quand nous sommes arrivés au marché, les vendeurs avaient déjà fermé leurs boutiques. → "When we arrived at the market, the sellers had already closed their shops."

Illustration

PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT vs. PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
==================================

   TIMELINE:

   PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT       PASSÉ COMPOSÉ       NOW
   (earlier past)         (later past)

        |                      |               |
        V                      V               V

   "Elle avait mangé" --> "Je suis arrivé" --> (now)

   English:
   "She had eaten"    --> "I arrived"       --> (now)

   The earlier action = plus-que-parfait.
   The later action = passé composé.
  

Mini Summary

The plus-que-parfait describes the past before the past. The passé composé describes the main past action. Use them together to show the order of events.

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Lesson 9: The Futur Antérieur in Real Life

Definition

The futur antérieur describes actions that will be finished before another future event.

Why It Is Important

At the expert level, you will often talk about plans and timelines. The futur antérieur is essential for this.

Simple Explanation

Think of a trip. You will arrive at the airport at 8 a.m. But before that, you will have packed your bags, checked in, and passed through security. All those earlier actions use the futur antérieur.

Examples

French	English
Quand tu arriveras, j'aurai fini le dîner.	When you arrive, I will have finished dinner.
D'ici demain, elle aura terminé son projet.	By tomorrow, she will have finished her project.
Nous aurons visité Paris avant de rentrer.	We will have visited Paris before returning home.
Quand le film commencera, j'aurai acheté les billets.	When the film starts, I will have bought the tickets.

Real-life Example

D'ici vendredi, j'aurai fini tout mon travail. → "By Friday, I will have finished all my work."

School Example

Quand l'examen commencera, nous aurons révisé toute la matière. → "When the exam starts, we will have revised all the material."

Home Example

Quand ma mère rentrera, j'aurai préparé le dîner. → "When my mother comes home, I will have prepared dinner."

Nigerian Example

D'ici 2035, notre pays aura construit de nouvelles routes et de nouveaux ponts. → "By 2035, our country will have built new roads and new bridges."

Illustration

FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR IN REAL LIFE
============================

   NOW      FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR        FUTUR SIMPLE
             (earlier future)       (later future)

    |              |                      |
    V              V                      V

   "Je vais  -> "J'aurai fini"     -> "Tu arriveras"
    étudier"     (I will have           (You will
                  finished)              arrive)

   Order of events:
   1. I will finish (futur antérieur)
   2. You will arrive (futur simple)
  

Mini Summary

The futur antérieur describes actions that will be finished before another future event. Use it with quand, d'ici, and avant de.

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Lesson 10: The Conditionnel Passé for Regrets

Definition

The conditionnel passé is often used to express regret about something that did not happen.

Why It Is Important

Regrets are a part of human life. The conditionnel passé lets you express them with precision and elegance.

Simple Explanation

Think of a path you did not take. You could say: "I should have taken that path." That is a regret. In French, that is the conditionnel passé.

Common Expressions of Regret

French	English
J'aurais dû…	I should have…
J'aurais pu…	I could have…
J'aurais voulu…	I would have liked…
J'aurais aimé…	I would have loved…
Il aurait fallu…	It would have been necessary to…
Nous aurions dû…	We should have…

Examples

French	English
J'aurais dû étudier plus.	I should have studied more.
J'aurais aimé te voir.	I would have loved to see you.
Nous aurions dû partir plus tôt.	We should have left earlier.
Il aurait fallu réserver à l'avance.	It would have been necessary to book in advance.

Real-life Example

J'aurais dû écouter mes parents. → "I should have listened to my parents."

School Example

J'aurais dû commencer mes révisions plus tôt. → "I should have started my revision earlier."

Home Example

J'aurais dû aider ma mère dans la cuisine. → "I should have helped my mother in the kitchen."

Nigerian Example

J'aurais dû visiter mon grand-père plus souvent. → "I should have visited my grandfather more often."

Illustration

THE CONDITIONNEL PASSÉ FOR REGRETS
==================================

   Think of two paths:

        /------ Path A (the one you took)
       /
   YOU
       \
        \------ Path B (the one you did not take)

   "I should have taken Path B."
   "J'aurais dû prendre le chemin B."

   Common phrases:

   J'aurais dû…      I should have…
   J'aurais pu…      I could have…
   J'aurais aimé…    I would have loved…
  

Mini Summary

The conditionnel passé expresses regret about things that did not happen. Use J'aurais dû for "I should have," J'aurais pu for "I could have," and J'aurais aimé for "I would have loved."

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Lesson 11: The Subjonctif Passé After Emotions

Definition

The subjonctif passé is used after expressions of emotion when the emotion is about something that already happened.

Why It Is Important

At the expert level, you need to express complex feelings about past events. The subjonctif passé lets you do this precisely.

Simple Explanation

Think of a conversation with a friend. You want to say: "I am happy that you came." In French, this uses the subjonctif passé: Je suis content que tu sois venu.

Common Emotion Triggers

Trigger	Meaning	Example
Je suis content(e) que…	I am happy that…	Je suis content que tu sois venu.
Je suis triste que…	I am sad that…	Je suis triste qu'il soit parti.
Je suis fier / fière que…	I am proud that…	Je suis fier que tu aies réussi.
Je suis surpris(e) que…	I am surprised that…	Je suis surpris qu'elle ait dit ça.
Je regrette que…	I regret that…	Je regrette que nous ayons manqué le train.

Examples

French	English
Je suis content que tu sois venu.	I am happy that you came.
Je suis triste qu'elle soit partie.	I am sad that she left.
Il est dommage que tu n'aies pas pu venir.	It is a pity that you could not come.
Je suis fier que mon frère ait réussi.	I am proud that my brother succeeded.

Real-life Example

Je suis content que tu aies reçu mon message. → "I am happy that you received my message."

School Example

Le professeur est content que nous ayons bien travaillé. → "The teacher is happy that we worked well."

Home Example

Ma mère est fière que j'aie réussi mon examen. → "My mother is proud that I passed my exam."

Nigerian Example

Nous sommes fiers que notre équipe ait gagné la compétition. → "We are proud that our team won the competition."

Illustration

SUBJONCTIF PASSÉ AFTER EMOTIONS
===============================

   EMOTION + que + SUBJONCTIF PASSÉ

   "Je suis content" + "que" + "tu sois venu"
                              ^^^^^^^^^^^
                              subjunctive past

   The emotion is about a PAST event.
   So the subjunctive must be in the PAST form.

   Compare:
   PRESENT:  "Je suis content que tu viennes."    (you come now)
   PAST:     "Je suis content que tu sois venu."  (you came)
  

Mini Summary

The subjonctif passé appears after expressions of emotion about past events. Use phrases like Je suis content que and Je suis fier que. The verb in the subjunctive uses the subjunctive auxiliary plus a past participle.

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Lesson 12: Common Traps and How to Avoid Them

Definition

A trap is a mistake that many learners make. Knowing the traps helps you avoid them.

Why It Is Important

At the expert level, small errors can make a big difference. Knowing the traps helps you write with precision.

Trap 1: Using Avoir with Être Verbs in the Plus-Que-Parfait

Verbs like aller and venir use être in all compound tenses.

Wrong: J'avais allé.

Right: J'étais allé.

Trap 2: Forgetting Agreement with Être

Just like in the passé composé, the past participle agrees with the subject when using être.

Wrong: Elle était allé.

Right: Elle était allée.

Trap 3: Mixing Up the Futur Simple and Futur Antérieur

The futur simple is for later events. The futur antérieur is for earlier future events.

Wrong: Quand tu arriveras, j'aurai fini — no wait, that's right.

Correct pair: Quand tu arriveras (later), j'aurai fini (earlier).

Trap 4: Using the Conditional After Si

Never use the conditional right after si. Use the imperfect instead.

Wrong: Si j'aurais su…

Right: Si j'avais su…

Trap 5: Forgetting the Subjunctive After Emotion

Expressions of emotion trigger the subjunctive, not the indicative.

Wrong: Je suis content que tu es venu.

Right: Je suis content que tu sois venu.

Comparison Table

Wrong	Right	Why
J'avais allé.	J'étais allé.	Aller uses être
Elle était allé.	Elle était allée.	Agreement with être
Si j'aurais su…	Si j'avais su…	Never conditional after si
Je suis content que tu es venu.	Je suis content que tu sois venu.	Emotion triggers subjunctive
Quand tu arriveras, je finirai. (if earlier action is meant)	Quand tu arriveras, j'aurai fini.	Futur antérieur for earlier action

Mini Summary

The main traps are: using avoir with être verbs, forgetting agreement with être, mixing up the two future tenses, using the conditional after si, and forgetting the subjunctive after emotions. Learn these and your writing will improve.

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Lesson 13: Putting It All Together — A Full Model Text

Definition

This lesson shows a complete text using all four advanced tenses.

Why It Is Important

Seeing a full example helps you understand how the pieces fit together.

The Text

Hier, je suis allé à la fête de mon ami Chidi. Quand je suis arrivé, la fête avait déjà commencé. Les invités avaient mangé et ils dansaient. Chidi m'a dit qu'il avait préparé la fête pendant trois semaines.

Je suis désolé que je sois arrivé si tard. J'aurais dû partir plus tôt de chez moi. Mais j'avais un travail urgent à finir.

Chidi m'a souri. "Ce n'est pas grave," a-t-il dit. "D'ici la fin de la soirée, tu auras rencontré tous mes amis." Et il avait raison. J'ai passé une excellente soirée.

English: "Yesterday, I went to my friend Chidi's party. When I arrived, the party had already started. The guests had eaten and they were dancing. Chidi told me that he had prepared the party for three weeks.

I am sorry that I arrived so late. I should have left home earlier. But I had urgent work to finish.

Chidi smiled at me. 'It's okay,' he said. 'By the end of the evening, you will have met all my friends.' And he was right. I had a wonderful evening."

Breaking It Down

Sentence	Tense Used
je suis allé	Passé composé
la fête avait déjà commencé	Plus-que-parfait
Les invités avaient mangé	Plus-que-parfait
il avait préparé	Plus-que-parfait
Je suis désolé que je sois arrivé	Subjonctif passé
J'aurais dû partir	Conditionnel passé
tu auras rencontré	Futur antérieur

Mini Summary

A full text uses all four advanced tenses: plus-que-parfait, futur antérieur, conditionnel passé, and subjonctif passé. When you can write a text like this, you have mastered the module.

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Lesson 14: Writing About Regret and Missed Opportunity

Definition

Writing about regret means describing things you wish had happened differently. It uses the conditionnel passé.

Why It Is Important

Regret is a universal human feeling. At the expert level, you should be able to express it with precision and nuance.

Simple Explanation

Think of a film where the hero says: "If I had known, I would have done things differently." That is regret. In French, it uses the conditionnel passé.

The Formula

EXPRESSING REGRET
=================

   Si + plus-que-parfait     ,     conditionnel passé

   "Si j'avais su"           ,     "j'aurais agi autrement."
   (If I had known)                (I would have acted differently)

   The si clause uses the plus-que-parfait.
   The main clause uses the conditionnel passé.
    

Common Regret Phrases

French	English
J'aurais dû…	I should have…
J'aurais pu…	I could have…
J'aurais aimé…	I would have liked…
Si j'avais su…	If I had known…
Si seulement…	If only…
Je regrette de ne pas avoir…	I regret not having…

Real-life Example

J'aurais dû étudier plus sérieusement. Si j'avais travaillé plus dur, j'aurais eu une meilleure note. → "I should have studied more seriously. If I had worked harder, I would have had a better grade."

School Example

J'aurais aimé participer au club de débat, mais je n'avais pas le temps. → "I would have liked to join the debate club, but I did not have time."

Home Example

J'aurais dû aider ma mère plus souvent. → "I should have helped my mother more often."

Nigerian Example

Si nous avions quitté Lagos plus tôt, nous aurions évité le trafic. → "If we had left Lagos earlier, we would have avoided the traffic."

Illustration

REGRET — A VISUAL
=================

   PAST EVENT              MISSED OPPORTUNITY
   ----------              ------------------

   "I did not study."  --->  "I could have studied."

   In French:

   "Je n'ai pas étudié."  --->  "J'aurais pu étudier."

   Or:

   "Si j'avais étudié,"  --->  "j'aurais réussi."
   (If I had studied,)         (I would have succeeded.)

   The conditionnel passé expresses the "could have."
  

Mini Summary

Writing about regret uses the conditionnel passé. Use J'aurais dû, J'aurais pu, or J'aurais aimé. For imaginary pasts, use Si + plus-que-parfait + conditionnel passé.

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Lesson 15: Final Review — The Four Advanced Tenses at a Glance

Definition

This lesson gathers everything you learned into one clear page.

Why It Is Important

Having one page with all four tenses helps you review quickly and use them in your writing.

The Master Table

Tense	Formula	Use	Example
Plus-que-parfait	Avoir/Être in imparfait + participle	Past before past	J'avais mangé.
Futur antérieur	Avoir/Être in futur simple + participle	Future before future	J'aurai mangé.
Conditionnel passé	Avoir/Être in conditional + participle	Regret, imaginary past	J'aurais mangé.
Subjonctif passé	Avoir/Être in subjunctive + participle	Emotion about past	Que j'aie mangé.

The Four Auxiliaries

Tense	Avoir Auxiliary	Être Auxiliary
Plus-que-parfait	avais, avais, avait…	étais, étais, était…
Futur antérieur	aurai, auras, aura…	serai, seras, sera…
Conditionnel passé	aurais, aurais, aurait…	serais, serais, serait…
Subjonctif passé	aie, aies, ait…	sois, sois, soit…

The Decision Flowchart

CHOOSING THE RIGHT TENSE
========================

   Do you want to express…

        +--- An earlier event in the past?
        |        |
        |        V
        |      PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT
        |      "J'avais mangé."
        |
        +--- An earlier event in the future?
        |        |
        |        V
        |      FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR
        |      "J'aurai mangé."
        |
        +--- A regret or missed opportunity?
        |        |
        |        V
        |      CONDITIONNEL PASSÉ
        |      "J'aurais mangé."
        |
        +--- An emotion about a past event?
                 |
                 V
               SUBJONCTIF PASSÉ
               "Que j'aie mangé."

   Match the tense to the meaning.
    

Mini Summary

You now know the four advanced tenses. Each one uses an auxiliary in a specific tense plus a past participle. Use the decision flowchart to choose the right one.

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5. Key Vocabulary

Here are the important words from this module.

French	English	Simple Definition
le plus-que-parfait	the past before the past	The tense for earlier past events
le futur antérieur	the future before the future	The tense for earlier future events
le conditionnel passé	the past conditional	The tense for "would have"
le subjonctif passé	the past subjunctive	The past form of the subjunctive
la concordance des temps	tense harmony	Matching tenses in sentences
un auxiliaire	an auxiliary	A helping verb
un participe passé	a past participle	The verb's past form
un regret	a regret	Something you wish had been different
une occasion manquée	a missed opportunity	Something you did not do
l'imparfait	the imperfect	The tense for ongoing past actions
le subjonctif	the subjunctive	The tense for emotions and doubt
d'ici	by	Used with the futur antérieur
avant de	before	Used with the futur antérieur
déjà	already	Used with the plus-que-parfait
si seulement	if only	Expresses strong regret
J'aurais dû	I should have	Expresses regret
J'aurais pu	I could have	Expresses missed opportunity
J'aurais aimé	I would have liked	Expresses a wish about the past
quand	when	Time marker for tense harmony
une fois que	once	Introduces a future condition

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6. Important Concepts

Concept 1: The Pattern of Advanced Tenses

All four advanced tenses follow the same pattern: auxiliary in a specific tense plus past participle. Once you know the pattern, you know all four.

Concept 2: Time Layers

Advanced writing uses multiple layers of time. The plus-que-parfait and futur antérieur let you describe events before or after other events.

Concept 3: Regret and Imagination

The conditionnel passé lets you express regret, missed opportunities, and imaginary pasts. It is one of the most expressive tenses in French.

Concept 4: Emotion and the Subjunctive

The subjonctif passé appears after expressions of emotion about past events. It shows that you can express complex feelings precisely.

Concept 5: Tense Harmony

Matching tenses in long sentences is the mark of a skilled writer. The main clause sets the tone; the subordinate clause follows.

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7. Step-by-Step Explanations

How to Form Any Advanced Tense

STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS
====================

   STEP 1: Identify the meaning you want.
             |
             V
   STEP 2: Choose the right tense.
           - Past before past? Plus-que-parfait
           - Future before future? Futur antérieur
           - Regret? Conditionnel passé
           - Emotion about past? Subjonctif passé
             |
             V
   STEP 3: Choose the auxiliary.
           - Most verbs? Avoir
           - Movement verbs? Être
             |
             V
   STEP 4: Conjugate the auxiliary in the right tense.
             |
             V
   STEP 5: Add the past participle.
             |
             V
   STEP 6: Check agreement if using être.
             |
             V
   STEP 7: Read aloud and check.
             |
             V
   FINISH
  

How to Express Regret

1. Think of the past event.
2. Identify what could have been different.
3. Use J'aurais dû for "I should have."
4. Use J'aurais pu for "I could have."
5. Use J'aurais aimé for "I would have liked."
6. For imaginary pasts, use Si + plus-que-parfait + conditionnel passé.
7. Read aloud and check.

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8. Real-life Examples

Example 1: A Missed Train

Quand je suis arrivé à la gare, le train était déjà parti. J'aurais dû partir plus tôt.

English: "When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. I should have left earlier."

Example 2: A Successful Project

Quand nous avons présenté le projet, nous avions travaillé pendant des semaines. D'ici la fin de l'année, nous aurons gagné plusieurs prix.

English: "When we presented the project, we had worked for weeks. By the end of the year, we will have won several prizes."

Example 3: A Family Visit

Je suis content que ma grand-mère soit venue. Quand elle est arrivée, nous avions préparé un bon repas.

English: "I am happy that my grandmother came. When she arrived, we had prepared a good meal."

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9. Nigerian Examples

Example 1: A Trip to the Village

Quand nous sommes arrivés au village, la fête avait déjà commencé. Nous aurions dû partir plus tôt de Lagos.

English: "When we arrived at the village, the festival had already started. We should have left Lagos earlier."

Example 2: A Successful Business

Mon oncle est fier que son entreprise ait réussi. D'ici cinq ans, il aura ouvert trois nouvelles boutiques à Lagos.

English: "My uncle is proud that his business succeeded. By five years from now, he will have opened three new shops in Lagos."

Example 3: A Family Reunion

Quand mes cousins sont arrivés d'Abuja, nous avions déjà préparé la maison. Je suis content qu'ils soient venus.

English: "When my cousins arrived from Abuja, we had already prepared the house. I am happy that they came."

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10. Fun Examples Children Can Relate To

Example 1: A Missing Cake

Quand je suis rentré, le gâteau avait disparu. Mon petit frère l'avait mangé ! J'aurais dû le cacher.

English: "When I came home, the cake had disappeared. My little brother had eaten it! I should have hidden it."

Example 2: A Video Game

Quand mon ami est arrivé, j'avais déjà fini le jeu. Il aurait aimé jouer aussi.

English: "When my friend arrived, I had already finished the game. He would have liked to play too."

Example 3: A Lost Football

Nous cherchions le ballon partout. Puis j'ai réalisé : le chien l'avait pris. J'aurais dû regarder dans le jardin.

English: "We were looking for the ball everywhere. Then I realised: the dog had taken it. I should have looked in the garden."

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11. Everyday Examples

Example 1: A Morning Routine

Quand je me suis levé, ma mère avait déjà préparé le petit-déjeuner. J'aurais dû me lever plus tôt.

English: "When I got up, my mother had already prepared breakfast. I should have gotten up earlier."

Example 2: Homework

Quand la cloche a sonné, j'avais déjà fini mes devoirs. D'ici la fin de la semaine, j'aurai fini tous mes projets.

English: "When the bell rang, I had already finished my homework. By the end of the week, I will have finished all my projects."

Example 3: A Family Dinner

Quand nous sommes arrivés, ma grand-mère avait préparé le dîner. Je suis content que nous soyons venus.

English: "When we arrived, my grandmother had prepared dinner. I am happy that we came."

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12. Parent Tips

Parents, here are some simple ways to support your child as they learn this module:

1. Ask your child about their day using phrases like "What had happened before that?"
2. Encourage daily journaling in French, using at least one advanced tense per entry.
3. Play the "what if" game. Ask your child: "What would you have done if…?" and help them answer in French.
4. Celebrate small wins. When your child uses the plus-que-parfait correctly, praise them.
5. Do not correct every mistake. Focus on one tense at a time.
6. Watch French films or series with subtitles. Ask your child to spot the advanced tenses.
7. Make flashcards together for the four advanced tenses and their auxiliaries.
8. Read French stories together. Point out the tenses used by the author.

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13. Interesting Facts

1. The plus-que-parfait is used in almost every French novel and short story.
2. The futur antérieur is common in professional writing — reports, proposals, and forecasts.
3. The conditionnel passé is the tense of regret and reflection.
4. The subjonctif passé appears in polite, formal letters and in literature.
5. French writers use tense harmony to keep long sentences smooth.
6. All four advanced tenses share the same basic pattern, so learning one helps you learn all four.
7. Some French speakers drop the ne in negative sentences, but in writing, the ne is always required.
8. The word concordance means "agreement" or "harmony" in French.

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14. Did You Know?

• Did you know that the plus-que-parfait is the tense of storytelling? Almost every French novel uses it.
• Did you know that the futur antérieur is often used with d'ici (by)?
• Did you know that the conditionnel passé is the tense of "would have"?
• Did you know that the subjonctif passé appears after emotions about past events?
• Did you know that all four advanced tenses share the same pattern?

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15. Remember This

• Plus-que-parfait = "had done" (past before past).
• Futur antérieur = "will have done" (future before future).
• Conditionnel passé = "would have done" (regret, imaginary past).
• Subjonctif passé = "that I had done" (emotion about past).
• All four use an auxiliary in a specific tense plus a past participle.
• Movement verbs use être; most other verbs use avoir.
• With être, the past participle agrees with the subject.
• Never use the conditional right after si.
• Match tenses for tense harmony.

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16. Common Mistakes

Mistake	Why It Is Wrong	Correct Version
J'avais allé.	Aller uses être	J'étais allé.
Elle était allé.	Missing agreement	Elle était allée.
Si j'aurais su…	Never conditional after si	Si j'avais su…
Je suis content que tu es venu.	Emotion triggers subjunctive	Je suis content que tu sois venu.
Quand tu arriveras, je finirai.	Wrong tense for earlier action	Quand tu arriveras, j'aurai fini.
J'aurais dû partir à 6h. (with no context)	Add context for clarity	J'aurais dû partir à 6h mais je suis resté.

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17. Best Practices

1. Write every day. Even three sentences a day helps.
2. Practice the four tenses with the same verb to see the pattern.
3. Read French novels to see the plus-que-parfait and futur antérieur in context.
4. Check agreement with être verbs.
5. Watch out for si clauses. Use the imperfect, not the conditional.
6. Match tenses for smooth, professional writing.
7. Read your sentences aloud. Your ear catches mistakes.
8. Be patient. These tenses take time to master.

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18. Comparison Tables

The Four Advanced Tenses at a Glance

Tense	Formula	Example	Meaning
Plus-que-parfait	Avoir/Être in imparfait + pp	J'avais mangé.	I had eaten.
Futur antérieur	Avoir/Être in futur simple + pp	J'aurai mangé.	I will have eaten.
Conditionnel passé	Avoir/Être in conditional + pp	J'aurais mangé.	I would have eaten.
Subjonctif passé	Avoir/Être in subjunctive + pp	Que j'aie mangé.	That I had eaten.

The Four Auxiliaries

Tense	Avoir (je)	Être (je)
Plus-que-parfait	j'avais	j'étais
Futur antérieur	j'aurai	je serai
Conditionnel passé	j'aurais	je serais
Subjonctif passé	que j'aie	que je sois

Simple Past vs. Advanced Tenses

Meaning	Tense	Example
I ate	Passé composé	J'ai mangé.
I had eaten	Plus-que-parfait	J'avais mangé.
I will eat	Futur simple	Je mangerai.
I will have eaten	Futur antérieur	J'aurai mangé.
I would eat	Conditionnel présent	Je mangerais.
I would have eaten	Conditionnel passé	J'aurais mangé.

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19. End-of-Module Summary

Congratulations! You have completed Module 1 of the French Expert course. Let us review what you learned.

What You Learned

• What time layers are and how they work in writing.
• How to form the plus-que-parfait.
• How to form the futur antérieur.
• How to form the conditionnel passé.
• How to form the subjonctif passé.
• How to compare the four advanced tenses.
• How to use tense harmony (concordance des temps).
• How to express regret and missed opportunities.
• How to write a complex narrative using all four tenses.

The Big Picture

THE BIG PICTURE
===============

   THE FOUR ADVANCED TENSES = ONE PATTERN

      Auxiliary in a specific tense + past participle

   Plus-que-parfait:   Imparfait aux + pp  = "had done"
   Futur antérieur:    Futur simple aux + pp = "will have done"
   Conditionnel passé: Conditional aux + pp = "would have done"
   Subjonctif passé:   Subjunctive aux + pp = "that I had done"

   With these four tenses, you can describe:
   * Events before other events
   * Regrets and missed opportunities
   * Emotions about the past
   * Future plans with layers of time

   You are now writing at the expert level.
  

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20. Frequently Asked Questions (10 Questions)

Question 1: What is the plus-que-parfait?

It is the past before the past. It describes something that had already happened before another past event. It uses avoir or être in the imperfect, plus a past participle.

Question 2: What is the futur antérieur?

It is the future before the future. It describes something that will have happened before another future event. It uses avoir or être in the futur simple, plus a past participle.

Question 3: What is the conditionnel passé?

It means "would have." It is used for regrets, missed opportunities, and imaginary pasts. It uses avoir or être in the conditional, plus a past participle.

Question 4: What is the subjonctif passé?

It is the past form of the subjunctive. It appears after expressions of emotion about past events. It uses avoir or être in the subjunctive present, plus a past participle.

Question 5: How do I know which auxiliary to use?

Most verbs use avoir. Movement verbs (like aller, venir, partir) use être.

Question 6: Does the past participle agree with the subject?

Yes, but only with être verbs. With avoir, the participle does not change.

Question 7: What is tense harmony?

It means keeping tenses consistent within a sentence or story. The main clause sets the tone, and the subordinate clause follows.

Question 8: Can I use the conditional after si?

No. After si, use the imperfect (not the conditional). The conditional goes in the main clause.

Question 9: How long will it take to master these tenses?

It depends on how much you practise. With daily practice, you can feel comfortable in a few weeks.

Question 10: What is the best way to practise?

Write a few sentences every day using the four tenses. Read French novels and identify the tenses. And do not be afraid to make mistakes.

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21. Matching Exercises

Exercise 1: Match the French with the English

French	English
1. J'avais mangé.	A. I would have eaten.
2. J'aurai mangé.	B. I had eaten.
3. J'aurais mangé.	C. That I had eaten.
4. Que j'aie mangé.	D. I will have eaten.
5. Je suis content que tu sois venu.	E. I am happy that you came.

Answers: 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C, 5-E.

Exercise 2: Match the Auxiliary

Tense	Auxiliary Form
1. Plus-que-parfait	A. aurai
2. Futur antérieur	B. aie
3. Conditionnel passé	C. avais
4. Subjonctif passé	D. aurais

Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B.

---

22. Scenario-based Exercises

Scenario 1: A Missed Train

Write 4 sentences about missing a train. Use the plus-que-parfait and the conditionnel passé.

Scenario 2: A Big Achievement

Write 4 sentences about a big achievement. Use the plus-que-parfait and the futur antérieur.

Scenario 3: An Emotion About the Past

Write 3 sentences expressing how you feel about something that happened. Use the subjonctif passé.

Scenario 4: A Story with Time Layers

Write 5 sentences telling a story with events that happened at different times. Use at least three advanced tenses.

---

23. Group Activity

Activity: The Advanced Tense Chain

Work in groups of four. Each person adds one sentence to a story using an advanced tense.

1. Person 1: Start with a plus-que-parfait. Example: Quand je suis arrivé, la fête avait déjà commencé.
2. Person 2: Add a conditionnel passé. Example: J'aurais dû arriver plus tôt.
3. Person 3: Add a futur antérieur. Example: D'ici la fin de la soirée, j'aurai rencontré tout le monde.
4. Person 4: Add a subjonctif passé. Example: Je suis content que tu sois venu.
5. Repeat until the story has 12 sentences.
6. Read the story aloud to the class.

---

24. Individual Activity

Activity: My Past, My Future

Write a paragraph of 6–8 sentences about your past and your future. Include:

• At least one sentence with the plus-que-parfait.
• At least one sentence with the futur antérieur.
• At least one sentence with the conditionnel passé.
• At least one sentence with the subjonctif passé.
• At least two connectors.

---

25. Mini Project

Project: My Story in Four Tenses

Write a short story (8–10 sentences) about a past event. Use at least three of the four advanced tenses. Include:

• A title in French.
• At least one plus-que-parfait sentence.
• At least one conditionnel passé sentence.
• At least one futur antérieur sentence.
• At least one subjonctif passé sentence.
• A small drawing or ASCII illustration.

MINI PROJECT — STORY MAP
========================

   +----------------------------------+
   |  MON HISTOIRE                    |
   |  --------------------------------|
   |                                  |
   |  [ Drawing or ASCII illustration ]|
   |                                  |
   |  Quand je suis arrivé, la fête   |
   |  avait déjà commencé.            |
   |  J'aurais dû partir plus tôt.    |
   |  Mais d'ici la fin de la soirée, |
   |  j'aurai dansé avec tout le      |
   |  monde. Je suis content que      |
   |  tu sois venu.                   |
   |                                  |
   +----------------------------------+
  

---

26. Practical Assignment

Assignment: A 200-Word Advanced Narrative

Write a story in French of about 200 words about a real or imaginary event from your past. Your story must include:

• At least 2 sentences with the plus-que-parfait.
• At least 2 sentences with the conditionnel passé.
• At least 1 sentence with the futur antérieur.
• At least 1 sentence with the subjonctif passé.
• At least 3 connectors.
• At least 1 negative sentence.
• At least 2 different time markers.

When you finish, read your story aloud. Then check for common mistakes using the list in Section 16.

---

27. Key Takeaways

• The plus-que-parfait means "had done."
• The futur antérieur means "will have done."
• The conditionnel passé means "would have done."
• The subjonctif passé means "that I had done."
• All four use an auxiliary in a specific tense plus a past participle.
• Movement verbs use être; most other verbs use avoir.
• With être, the past participle agrees with the subject.
• Never use the conditional after si.
• Tense harmony keeps your writing smooth.
• Practice every day to build confidence.

---

28. Classroom Discussion Questions

1. Why do you think French has so many advanced tenses?
2. Can you think of a time when you expressed regret? How would you say it in French?
3. Why is tense harmony important for good writing?
4. What is the hardest advanced tense for you?
5. How does the plus-que-parfait make stories clearer?
6. How is the futur antérieur useful in making plans?
7. What is the easiest advanced tense to remember?
8. How can you practise these tenses at home?

---

29. Preparation for the Next Module

In Module 2, you will learn about the literary tenses — the passé simple, the imparfait du subjonctif, and the passé antérieur. These are the tenses used in French novels, newspapers, and formal literature. They will open the door to reading real French literature with confidence.

Before Moving On, Make Sure You Can:

• Form the plus-que-parfait with avoir and être.
• Form the futur antérieur with regular and irregular verbs.
• Form the conditionnel passé.
• Form the subjonctif passé.
• Use tense harmony in long sentences.
• Express regret with J'aurais dû and J'aurais pu.
• Write a 200-word narrative using advanced tenses.

A Sneak Peek at Module 2

MODULE 2 PREVIEW
================

   You will learn:

   * Le passé simple (the literary past)
   * L'imparfait du subjonctif (the literary subjunctive)
   * Le passé antérieur (the literary past-before-past)
   * How to read French novels and literature

   Example:
   "Il alla au marché et acheta des fruits."
   (He went to the market and bought fruit.)

   "Elle chanta une chanson que personne n'avait entendue."
   (She sang a song that no one had heard.)

   Get ready to read French literature with confidence!
  

Take a short break. Review this module. When you feel ready, move on to Module 2. You are doing great!

---

Module Two: Bonjour! Greetings and Introductions in French

For beginners – ages 10 and up. Let’s learn French together!

Module Introduction

Welcome to Module Two of your French language adventure! In Module One, you learned that French is a beautiful language spoken in many countries, including Nigeria’s neighbours like Benin, Togo, and Niger. You also learned some basic sounds.

Now, it’s time to actually speak! In this module, you will learn how to say hello, ask someone’s name, tell your name, and say goodbye. These are the first real conversations you can have in French. Don’t worry if you make mistakes — everybody does at first. The important thing is to try.

Imagine you meet a new friend from France. You want to say “Hello! My name is Ade. What is your name?” In French, you would say: “Bonjour! Je m’appelle Ade. Comment tu t’appelles?” By the end of this module, you will know exactly how to do that. So, let’s begin!

Learning Objectives

After working through this module, you will be able to:

• Say hello and goodbye in French at different times of the day.
• Ask someone’s name and tell them your name.
• Ask how someone is feeling and answer that question.
• Use polite words like “please”, “thank you”, and “you’re welcome”.
• Introduce a friend or family member.
• Understand simple greetings and introductions when you hear them.
• Use French greetings in real-life situations, like at school, at home, or in a shop.

Warm-up Story: Kemi’s Big Surprise

Kemi was a 12-year-old girl who lived in Lagos, Nigeria. One Saturday morning, her mother said, “Kemi, we have a visitor from Cotonou, Benin! Her name is Aïcha. She speaks French and a little English. Can you help her feel welcome?”

Kemi felt nervous. She only knew one French word: “Bonjour.” But she took a deep breath and went to the living room. Aïcha was sitting on the sofa, smiling. Kemi said, “Bonjour!” Aïcha’s face lit up. “Bonjour! Comment tu t’appelles?” she asked. Kemi didn’t understand. She panicked. Then she remembered a song her teacher sang: “Je m’appelle… je m’appelle…” Kemi said slowly, “Je m’appelle Kemi.” Aïcha clapped her hands. “Enchantée, Kemi!”

Then Kemi asked, “Et toi? Comment tu t’appelles?” Aïcha laughed. “Je m’appelle Aïcha.” They both smiled. For the rest of the day, Kemi learned more French words, and Aïcha learned some Yoruba. By evening, they were best friends. Kemi realised that just a few French words can open a big door to friendship.

In this module, you will learn those same words and many more. You will be like Kemi — brave and ready to speak!

Main Lessons

Lesson 1: Saying Hello – Bonjour!

Definition: “Bonjour” means “Hello” or “Good day” in French. It is the most common greeting.

Why it is important: You say “Bonjour” when you meet someone during the day. It shows respect and friendliness.

Simple explanation: Think of “Bonjour” as a magic word. It opens conversations. It is like saying “Good morning” or “Good afternoon” in English, but you can use it all day until the evening.

Real-life example: You walk into a shop in Paris. You say, “Bonjour!” to the shopkeeper. They smile and say “Bonjour!” back.

School example: Your French teacher enters the classroom. You say, “Bonjour, Madame!” She says, “Bonjour, classe!”

Home example: You wake up and see your parents. You say, “Bonjour, Maman! Bonjour, Papa!”

Nigerian example: Your neighbour from Togo visits. You greet them with “Bonjour!” They are happy you tried their language.

Illustration:

    YOU          OTHER PERSON
     |                |
  "Bonjour!"  -->  "Bonjour!"
     |                |
     smile          smile
    

Mini summary: “Bonjour” is the everyday hello. Use it until about 6 PM.

Lesson 2: Good Evening – Bonsoir!

Definition: “Bonsoir” means “Good evening.”

Why it is important: After around 6 PM, French speakers switch from “Bonjour” to “Bonsoir.”

Simple explanation: “Bonsoir” is like “Bonjour” but for the evening. “Soir” sounds like “swar” and means “evening.”

Real-life example: You visit a friend’s house at 7 PM. You say, “Bonsoir!”

School example: You attend an evening event at school. You greet your teacher with “Bonsoir, Monsieur!”

Home example: You come home after evening football practice. You say, “Bonsoir, tout le monde!” (Good evening, everyone!)

Nigerian example: At a wedding reception in the evening, you greet a French-speaking guest with “Bonsoir!”

Illustration:

  6 AM  ----------> 6 PM ----------> 11 PM
   Bonjour          Bonsoir         Bonsoir
    

Mini summary: Use “Bonsoir” in the evening. It’s polite and correct.

Lesson 3: Asking “How are you?” – Comment ça va?

Definition: “Comment ça va?” means “How are you?” or “How is it going?”

Why it is important: When you greet someone, it’s kind to ask how they are.

Simple explanation: “Comment” = how, “ça” = it/that, “va” = goes. So it literally means “How does it go?”

Real-life example: You meet a friend in the park. You say, “Bonjour! Comment ça va?”

School example: Your classmate looks sad. You ask, “Comment ça va?”

Home example: Your brother comes home from school. You ask, “Comment ça va, frérot?” (How’s it going, bro?)

Nigerian example: You meet a French tourist in Abuja. You say, “Bonjour! Comment ça va?” They are surprised and happy.

Illustration:

   You: "Comment ça va?"
        |
        V
   Friend: "Ça va bien, merci!"
    

Mini summary: “Comment ça va?” is a friendly question. It shows you care.

Lesson 4: Answering “How are you?” – Ça va bien / Ça va mal

Definition: “Ça va bien” = I’m fine / It’s going well. “Ça va mal” = I’m not well / It’s going badly.

Why it is important: You need to answer when someone asks how you are.

Simple explanation: “Bien” = well. “Mal” = badly. “Comme ci, comme ça” = so-so.

Real-life example: The doctor asks, “Comment ça va?” You say, “Ça va mal, j’ai mal à la tête.” (I’m not well, I have a headache.)

School example: Your teacher asks how you are. You say, “Ça va bien, merci!”

Home example: Your mum asks, “Comment ça va?” You say, “Ça va bien, Maman.”

Nigerian example: Your cousin from Senegal calls. You ask, “Comment ça va?” She says, “Ça va bien, et toi?”

Illustration:

   Comment ça va?
        |
   +----+----+
   |         |
 Ça va bien  Ça va mal
 (happy)     (sad)
    

Mini summary: “Bien” is good, “mal” is bad. “Comme ci, comme ça” is in between.

Lesson 5: What’s your name? – Comment tu t’appelles?

Definition: “Comment tu t’appelles?” means “What is your name?” (for a friend or child).

Why it is important: You need to know someone’s name to talk to them properly.

Simple explanation: “Tu” = you (informal). “T’appelles” = call yourself. So it’s “How do you call yourself?”

Real-life example: You meet a new neighbour. You say, “Bonjour! Comment tu t’appelles?”

School example: A new student joins your class. You ask, “Comment tu t’appelles?”

Home example: Your little sister brings a friend home. You ask the friend, “Comment tu t’appelles?”

Nigerian example: You meet a French-speaking trader at Balogun Market. You ask, “Comment tu t’appelles?” He says, “Je m’appelle Ibrahim.”

Illustration:

   You: "Comment tu t'appelles?"
        |
        V
   New friend: "Je m'appelle Zainab."
    

Mini summary: Use “Comment tu t’appelles?” with friends, family, and children.

Lesson 6: My name is… – Je m’appelle…

Definition: “Je m’appelle…” means “My name is…” or “I call myself…”

Why it is important: You must be able to tell people your name.

Simple explanation: “Je” = I. “M’appelle” = call myself. So “I call myself…”

Real-life example: You join a new club. You say, “Bonjour, je m’appelle David.”

School example: First day of French class. The teacher asks your name. You say, “Je m’appelle Chidinma.”

Home example: You answer the phone. “Allô? Je m’appelle Tunde.”

Nigerian example: You meet a French family in Calabar. You say, “Bonjour, je m’appelle Emeka.” They say, “Enchanté, Emeka!”

Illustration:

   Je  +  m'appelle  +  [Your Name]
   I       call myself     Ade
    

Mini summary: “Je m’appelle” is your go-to phrase for saying your name.

Lesson 7: Nice to meet you – Enchanté(e)

Definition: “Enchanté” (for a boy) or “Enchantée” (for a girl) means “Nice to meet you” or “Delighted.”

Why it is important: It is polite to say when you meet someone new.

Simple explanation: It’s like saying “I am charmed to meet you.”

Real-life example: You meet your friend’s parents. You say, “Enchanté, Madame.”

School example: A new teacher arrives. You say, “Enchanté, Monsieur.”

Home example: Your cousin introduces you to her friend. You say, “Enchanté!”

Nigerian example: At a French cultural event in Lagos, you meet a musician from Paris. You say, “Enchanté!”

Illustration:

   Meet new person --> "Enchanté(e)!" --> Handshake or smile
    

Mini summary: Boys say “Enchanté.” Girls say “Enchantée.” They sound the same.

Lesson 8: Saying Goodbye – Au revoir!

Definition: “Au revoir” means “Goodbye” or “See you again.”

Why it is important: You need to say goodbye politely when leaving.

Simple explanation: “Au” = to the, “revoir” = seeing again. So “until we see again.”

Real-life example: You leave a shop. You say, “Merci, au revoir!”

School example: End of French class. You say, “Au revoir, Madame!”

Home example: You leave for school. You say, “Au revoir, Papa! Au revoir, Maman!”

Nigerian example: You finish talking to a French customer at your shop. You say, “Au revoir, Monsieur!”

Illustration:

   You are leaving --> "Au revoir!" --> Wave hand
    

Mini summary: “Au revoir” works any time you leave.

Lesson 9: Please, Thank You, You’re Welcome – S’il vous plaît, Merci, De rien

Definition: “S’il vous plaît” = Please (formal). “Merci” = Thank you. “De rien” = You’re welcome.

Why it is important: These are magic words that show good manners.

Simple explanation: “S’il vous plaît” literally means “If it pleases you.” “Merci” is easy. “De rien” means “It’s nothing.”

Real-life example: You buy bread. You say, “Un pain, s’il vous plaît.” The seller gives it. You say, “Merci!” They say, “De rien.”

School example: You ask for a pencil. “Un crayon, s’il vous plaît.” Your friend gives it. “Merci!” “De rien.”

Home example: Your sister passes the salt. “Merci!” “De rien.”

Nigerian example: You help a French tourist find the museum. They say, “Merci beaucoup!” You say, “De rien!”

Illustration:

   Ask: "S'il vous plaît"
        |
        V
   Receive --> "Merci!"
        |
        V
   Reply: "De rien."
    

Mini summary: Use these three words every day. They open hearts.

Lesson 10: Introducing a Friend – Je te présente…

Definition: “Je te présente…” means “I introduce to you…” or “This is…”

Why it is important: You can help two people meet each other.

Simple explanation: “Je” = I, “te” = to you, “présente” = introduce.

Real-life example: You are with your friend Ada. You see another friend, Kunle. You say, “Kunle, je te présente Ada.”

School example: New student arrives. You say to your classmate, “Je te présente mon ami, Musa.”

Home example: Your cousin visits. You say to your brother, “Je te présente ma cousine, Fatima.”

Nigerian example: At a party, you introduce your French pen pal to your Nigerian friend. “Je te présente mon ami, Pierre.”

Illustration:

   You: "Je te présente [Name]."
        |             |
        V             V
   Person A       Person B
        |             |
        +----> Shake hands, smile
    

Mini summary: Use “Je te présente” to introduce people to each other.

Key Vocabulary

French	English	Simple Definition
Bonjour	Hello / Good day	Greeting used during the day.
Bonsoir	Good evening	Greeting used after about 6 PM.
Comment ça va?	How are you?	Asking about someone’s well-being.
Ça va bien	I’m fine	Answer meaning “I am well.”
Ça va mal	I’m not well	Answer meaning “I am not well.”
Comme ci, comme ça	So-so	Answer meaning “not good, not bad.”
Comment tu t’appelles?	What’s your name?	Informal question for name.
Je m’appelle…	My name is…	Telling your name.
Enchanté(e)	Nice to meet you	Polite phrase when meeting someone.
Au revoir	Goodbye	Saying farewell.
S’il vous plaît	Please (formal)	Polite request.
Merci	Thank you	Showing gratitude.
De rien	You’re welcome	Reply to “merci.”
Je te présente…	I introduce to you…	Introducing someone.

Important Concepts

• Formal vs. Informal: French has two ways to say “you”: tu (informal, for friends and children) and vous (formal, for adults, strangers, or groups). In this module, we used tu for “Comment tu t’appelles?” When speaking to an adult you don’t know, say “Comment vous vous appelez?”
• Greeting time: “Bonjour” is for daytime. “Bonsoir” is for evening.
• Gender in “Enchanté”: Boys say “Enchanté.” Girls say “Enchantée.” The pronunciation is the same.
• Politeness: Always use “s’il vous plaît” and “merci.”

Step-by-step Explanations

How to introduce yourself in French (step by step)

1. Say “Bonjour” (or “Bonsoir” in the evening).
2. Say “Je m’appelle [your name].”
3. Ask the other person: “Comment tu t’appelles?”
4. When they tell you their name, say “Enchanté(e)!”
5. To say goodbye, say “Au revoir!”

Example:

   You: Bonjour!
   Other: Bonjour!
   You: Je m'appelle Ada. Et toi?
   Other: Je m'appelle Tunde.
   You: Enchantée, Tunde!
   Other: Enchanté, Ada!
   You: Au revoir!
   Other: Au revoir!
    

Real-life Examples

• At a market in Lagos, you greet a French-speaking trader: “Bonjour, Madame! Comment ça va?”
• At a hotel in Abuja, you meet a tourist from Canada: “Bonsoir! Je m’appelle Chidi. Et vous?”
• In a classroom in Kano, your French teacher asks, “Comment tu t’appelles?” You answer, “Je m’appelle Aisha.”

Nigerian Examples

• Your neighbour from Benin Republic visits. You say, “Bonjour! Comment ça va?”
• You meet a Togolese trader at Mile 12 Market. You greet him with “Bonsoir, Monsieur!”
• Your school hosts a French club. You introduce yourself: “Je m’appelle Ngozi. Enchantée!”

Fun Examples Children Can Relate To

• You pretend to be a French superhero. You say, “Je m’appelle Super Kaduna!”
• Your teddy bear speaks French: “Bonjour, je m’appelle Ourson!”
• You play a game where you only speak French greetings for an hour. “Bonjour! Comment ça va? Au revoir!”

Everyday Examples

• Morning: “Bonjour, Maman!”
• Afternoon: “Bonjour, professeur!”
• Evening: “Bonsoir, Papa!”
• Leaving: “Au revoir, mes amis!”
• Asking for something: “De l’eau, s’il vous plaît.”

Parent Tips

• Practice with your child: say “Bonjour” every morning instead of “Good morning.”
• Ask your child to teach you one new French word each day.
• Watch a French cartoon with English subtitles together.
• Label items in your home with French words (e.g., “la porte” on the door).
• Praise every attempt, even if pronunciation is not perfect.

Interesting Facts

• “Bonjour” is made of two words: “bon” (good) and “jour” (day).
• In France, it is polite to say “Bonjour” when you enter a shop, even if you don’t buy anything.
• “Enchanté” literally means “enchanted” or “delighted.”
• French is spoken in over 29 countries in Africa.

Did You Know?

• Did you know that “Au revoir” can be shortened to “Salut” in very informal situations? But “Salut” also means “Hi.”
• Did you know that in Quebec, Canada, people often say “Bonjour” even in the evening? But in France, “Bonsoir” is more common after 6 PM.
• Did you know that “Merci” is one of the most used French words worldwide?

Remember This

• Use “Bonjour” from morning until evening.
• Use “Bonsoir” in the evening.
• “Je m’appelle” means “My name is.”
• “Comment tu t’appelles?” means “What’s your name?” (informal).
• Always say “Merci” and “S’il vous plaît.”
• “Au revoir” means “Goodbye.”

Common Mistakes

• Using “Bonsoir” in the morning. That’s wrong — use “Bonjour.”
• Forgetting to say “Merci” when someone helps you.
• Saying “Je m’appelle” when you mean “Tu t’appelles.”
• Pronouncing “Enchanté” as “en-chant-ee” instead of “on-shon-tay.”

Best Practices

• Practice out loud every day. Even 5 minutes helps.
• Use French greetings with family members.
• Listen to French songs or watch French videos for kids.
• Keep a small notebook of new words.
• Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Mistakes help you learn.

Illustrations and Diagrams

Greeting Timeline

   6 AM        12 PM        6 PM        11 PM
    |           |           |           |
 Bonjour     Bonjour     Bonsoir     Bonsoir
    

Conversation Flowchart

   Start
     |
     V
  "Bonjour!"
     |
     V
  "Comment ça va?"
     |
     V
  "Ça va bien, merci."
     |
     V
  "Comment tu t'appelles?"
     |
     V
  "Je m'appelle..."
     |
     V
  "Enchanté(e)!"
     |
     V
  "Au revoir!"
    

Formal vs Informal Table

English	Informal (tu)	Formal (vous)
What’s your name?	Comment tu t’appelles?	Comment vous vous appelez?
How are you?	Comment ça va?	Comment allez-vous?

Lesson Summaries

• Lesson 1: “Bonjour” = Hello (daytime).
• Lesson 2: “Bonsoir” = Good evening.
• Lesson 3: “Comment ça va?” = How are you?
• Lesson 4: “Ça va bien” = I’m fine. “Ça va mal” = I’m not well.
• Lesson 5: “Comment tu t’appelles?” = What’s your name?
• Lesson 6: “Je m’appelle…” = My name is…
• Lesson 7: “Enchanté(e)” = Nice to meet you.
• Lesson 8: “Au revoir” = Goodbye.
• Lesson 9: “S’il vous plaît” = Please, “Merci” = Thank you, “De rien” = You’re welcome.
• Lesson 10: “Je te présente…” = I introduce to you…

End-of-Module Summary

In this module, you learned how to greet people in French, ask their name, tell your name, ask how they are, and say goodbye. You also learned polite words. You can now have a simple conversation in French. Remember to practice every day. Use “Bonjour” and “Bonsoir” correctly. Say “Merci” and “S’il vous plaît.” Be proud of yourself — you are becoming a French language expert!

Frequently Asked Questions (10 questions)

1. Q: When do I use “Bonjour” and when “Bonsoir”?
   A: Use “Bonjour” from morning until about 6 PM. Use “Bonsoir” after 6 PM.
2. Q: What is the difference between “tu” and “vous”?
   A: “Tu” is informal (friends, family, children). “Vous” is formal (strangers, adults, groups).
3. Q: How do I say “My name is” in French?
   A: “Je m’appelle…”
4. Q: Do boys and girls say “Enchanté” differently?
   A: Yes. Boys say “Enchanté.” Girls say “Enchantée.” They sound the same.
5. Q: How do I ask “What’s your name?” to an adult?
   A: “Comment vous vous appelez?”
6. Q: What does “De rien” mean?
   A: “You’re welcome.”
7. Q: Is “Salut” the same as “Bonjour”?
   A: “Salut” is informal, like “Hi.” Use it with friends.
8. Q: How do I say “Goodbye” in French?
   A: “Au revoir.”
9. Q: Can I use “Bonjour” in the evening?
   A: It’s better to use “Bonsoir” after 6 PM.
10. Q: What is “Comme ci, comme ça”?
    A: It means “so-so” or “not bad, not great.”

Matching Exercises

Match the French phrase with its English meaning.

French	English
1. Bonjour	A. Goodbye
2. Au revoir	B. My name is…
3. Je m’appelle…	C. Hello
4. Merci	D. How are you?
5. Comment ça va?	E. Thank you

Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D.

Scenario-based Exercises

1. You meet your French teacher at 8 AM. What do you say?
   Answer: Bonjour, Madame/Monsieur!
2. You meet a friend at 7 PM. Greet them.
   Answer: Bonsoir! Comment ça va?
3. You want to know the name of a new student. Ask them.
   Answer: Comment tu t’appelles?
4. Someone helps you. What do you say?
   Answer: Merci!
5. You are leaving a shop. Say goodbye.
   Answer: Au revoir!

Group Activity

Activity: French Greeting Relay

Divide the class into two teams. Each team stands in a line. The teacher whispers a French greeting to the first person. They whisper it to the next, and so on. The last person says it out loud. The team with the correct pronunciation wins a point. Greetings to use: Bonjour, Bonsoir, Comment ça va?, Je m’appelle…, Au revoir.

Individual Activity

Activity: My First French Conversation

Write a short conversation between you and a new French friend. Use at least 6 lines. Include: hello, your name, their name, “nice to meet you,” and goodbye. Then practice it out loud.

Mini Project

Make a French Greeting Card

Create a greeting card for a friend or family member. On the front, write “Bonjour!” or “Bonsoir!” Inside, write “Je m’appelle [your name]. Comment tu t’appelles?” Decorate it with French colours (blue, white, red). Give it to someone and teach them the words.

Practical Assignment

For one day, try to use at least three French greetings or phrases with your family or friends. For example:

• Say “Bonjour” in the morning.
• Say “Merci” when someone gives you something.
• Say “Au revoir” when leaving.

Write down what you said and how people responded.

Key Takeaways

• “Bonjour” and “Bonsoir” are the two main greetings.
• “Je m’appelle” means “My name is.”
• “Comment tu t’appelles?” means “What’s your name?” (informal).
• “Merci,” “S’il vous plaît,” and “De rien” are polite words.
• “Enchanté(e)” means “Nice to meet you.”
• “Au revoir” means “Goodbye.”

Classroom Discussion Questions

1. Why is it important to greet people politely?
2. How do you greet people in your own language? How is it different from French?
3. When would you use “tu” and when “vous”?
4. What can happen if you forget to say “Merci”?
5. How does learning greetings help you make friends?

Preparation for Module Three

In Module Three, we will learn numbers in French (un, deux, trois…) and how to talk about your age and family. To prepare, try to count from 1 to 10 in English and think about how you say your age. Also, bring a photo of your family (or draw one) to the next class. You will learn how to introduce them in French!

---

End of Module Two

Félicitations! (Congratulations!) You have completed Module Two. Keep practicing, and you will become a French language expert. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

Module Three: Numbers, Age, and Family in French

For beginners – ages 10 and up. Let’s keep learning French together!

Module Introduction

Welcome to Module Three! In Module One, you learned about French sounds. In Module Two, you learned how to greet people, say your name, and ask how they are. Now it is time to learn something very useful: numbers and family words.

Numbers help you talk about your age, count things, say your phone number, and even buy things at the market. Family words help you introduce your parents, brothers, sisters, and cousins in French. Imagine you are talking to a new French friend and you want to say, “I am 13 years old. I have two brothers and one sister.” In French, you would say, “J’ai treize ans. J’ai deux frères et une sœur.” By the end of this module, you will be able to say that and much more.

This module is full of stories, examples, and fun activities. Take your time. Practice out loud. Ask questions. Let’s begin!

Learning Objectives

After working through this module, you will be able to:

• Count from 0 to 20 in French.
• Count from 20 to 100 in French (with simple patterns).
• Say your age in French.
• Ask someone else’s age in French.
• Name family members in French (mother, father, brother, sister, etc.).
• Say how many brothers and sisters you have.
• Introduce your family members in French.
• Use numbers in real-life situations, like shopping or telling time.

Warm-up Story: Emeka’s Birthday Surprise

Emeka was a 12-year-old boy from Enugu, Nigeria. His birthday was coming up, and his French pen pal, Lucie, had sent him a letter. In the letter, Lucie wrote: “Bonjour Emeka! Quel âge as-tu? Moi, j’ai douze ans. J’ai un frère et deux sœurs. Et toi?”

Emeka looked at the letter and scratched his head. He knew “Bonjour” and “Comment ça va?” from Module Two. But “Quel âge as-tu?” was new. He asked his French teacher, Madame Rose. She smiled and said, “It means ‘How old are you?’ and Lucie is telling you she is twelve years old. She has one brother and two sisters.”

Emeka was excited. He wanted to write back. But first, he needed to learn numbers and family words. Madame Rose taught him: “un, deux, trois… douze!” and “frère, sœur, père, mère.”

By the end of the week, Emeka wrote back: “Bonjour Lucie! J’ai douze ans aussi. J’ai deux frères et une sœur. Mon père s’appelle Chukwu et ma mère s’appelle Ngozi.”

Lucie replied quickly: “Super! Ta famille est grande!” Emeka felt proud. He had used French to share something personal. You can do the same. Let’s learn how!

Main Lessons

Lesson 1: Numbers 0–10 – Les nombres de zéro à dix

Definition: Numbers are words we use to count things. In French, numbers are called “les nombres.”

Why it is important: You need numbers to say your age, count items, and talk about money.

Simple explanation: Let’s learn the first eleven numbers, from 0 to 10.

Number	French	Pronunciation (approximate)
0	zéro	zay-roh
1	un	uhn
2	deux	duh
3	trois	trwah
4	quatre	katr
5	cinq	sank
6	six	sees
7	sept	set
8	huit	weet
9	neuf	nuhf
10	dix	dees

Real-life example: You buy 3 oranges. You say, “trois oranges, s’il vous plaît.”

School example: Your teacher asks, “Combien d’élèves?” (How many students?) You count: “un, deux, trois…”

Home example: You set the table for 5 people. You say, “cinq assiettes.”

Nigerian example: You count your cowries: “un, deux, trois, quatre…”

Illustration:

   0 zéro
   1 un
   2 deux
   3 trois
   4 quatre
   5 cinq
   6 six
   7 sept
   8 huit
   9 neuf
   10 dix
    

Mini summary: Practice counting from 0 to 10 every day. Say them out loud.

Lesson 2: Numbers 11–20 – Les nombres de onze à vingt

Definition: Now we continue from 11 to 20.

Why it is important: Many children are between 11 and 20 years old. You need these numbers to say your age.

Simple explanation: Some of these numbers have funny patterns. For example, 17 is “dix-sept” which means “ten-seven.”

Number	French	Pronunciation
11	onze	onz
12	douze	dooz
13	treize	trez
14	quatorze	ka-torz
15	quinze	kanz
16	seize	sez
17	dix-sept	dees-set
18	dix-huit	dees-weet
19	dix-neuf	dees-nuhf
20	vingt	van

Real-life example: You are 14 years old. You say, “J’ai quatorze ans.”

School example: There are 18 students in your class. You say, “dix-huit élèves.”

Home example: Your brother is 20 years old. You say, “Mon frère a vingt ans.”

Nigerian example: You are 13 years old. In French, you say, “J’ai treize ans.”

Illustration:

   11 onze
   12 douze
   13 treize
   14 quatorze
   15 quinze
   16 seize
   17 dix-sept
   18 dix-huit
   19 dix-neuf
   20 vingt
    

Mini summary: 17, 18, and 19 are made by combining “dix” with 7, 8, and 9.

Lesson 3: Numbers 20–100 – Les nombres de vingt à cent

Definition: These are the bigger numbers. You will learn a simple pattern.

Why it is important: You need them for money, addresses, and phone numbers.

Simple explanation: After 20, French numbers follow a pattern. 21 is “vingt et un” (twenty and one). 22 is “vingt-deux.” 30 is “trente.” 40 is “quarante.” 50 is “cinquante.” 60 is “soixante.” 70 is “soixante-dix” (sixty-ten). 80 is “quatre-vingts” (four-twenties). 90 is “quatre-vingt-dix” (four-twenty-ten). 100 is “cent.”

Number	French
20	vingt
21	vingt et un
22	vingt-deux
30	trente
40	quarante
50	cinquante
60	soixante
70	soixante-dix
80	quatre-vingts
90	quatre-vingt-dix
100	cent

Real-life example: You buy a shirt for 50 naira? No, in France it would be 50 euros. You say, “cinquante euros.”

School example: Your school has 100 students. You say, “cent élèves.”

Home example: Your grandmother is 70 years old. You say, “Ma grand-mère a soixante-dix ans.”

Nigerian example: You count 80 oranges at the market. You say, “quatre-vingts oranges.”

Illustration:

   20 vingt
   30 trente
   40 quarante
   50 cinquante
   60 soixante
   70 soixante-dix
   80 quatre-vingts
   90 quatre-vingt-dix
   100 cent
    

Mini summary: French numbers 70, 80, and 90 are unusual but fun. 70 = 60+10, 80 = 4×20, 90 = 4×20+10.

Lesson 4: Asking “How old are you?” – Quel âge as-tu?

Definition: “Quel âge as-tu?” means “How old are you?” (informal).

Why it is important: It is a common question when you meet new friends.

Simple explanation: “Quel” = which/what, “âge” = age, “as” = have, “tu” = you. So “What age have you?”

Real-life example: You meet a French child at a party. You ask, “Quel âge as-tu?”

School example: In French class, your teacher asks, “Quel âge as-tu?” You answer, “J’ai onze ans.”

Home example: Your cousin from France visits. You ask, “Quel âge as-tu?”

Nigerian example: You meet a French-speaking girl in Abuja. You ask, “Quel âge as-tu?” She says, “J’ai treize ans.”

Illustration:

   You: "Quel âge as-tu?"
        |
        V
   Friend: "J'ai douze ans."
    

Mini summary: Use “Quel âge as-tu?” with friends and children.

Lesson 5: Saying your age – J’ai … ans

Definition: To say your age in French, you say “J’ai [number] ans.” It literally means “I have [number] years.”

Why it is important: You need to tell people how old you are.

Simple explanation: “J’ai” = I have. “Ans” = years. So “I have 12 years.”

Real-life example: You fill a form. You write, “J’ai quatorze ans.”

School example: Your teacher asks your age. You say, “J’ai treize ans.”

Home example: Your little brother is 5. You say, “Mon frère a cinq ans.”

Nigerian example: You are 15. You say, “J’ai quinze ans.”

Illustration:

   J'ai  +  [number]  +  ans
   I have    twelve       years
    

Mini summary: Use “J’ai … ans” for your age. Remember the word “ans.”

Lesson 6: Family members – Les membres de la famille

Definition: Family words are words for your relatives.

Why it is important: You need them to talk about your family.

Simple explanation: Here are the most common family words.

French	English	Gender
le père	father	masculine
la mère	mother	feminine
le frère	brother	masculine
la sœur	sister	feminine
le grand-père	grandfather	masculine
la grand-mère	grandmother	feminine
l’oncle	uncle	masculine
la tante	aunt	feminine
le cousin	cousin (boy)	masculine
la cousine	cousin (girl)	feminine

Real-life example: You show a photo. “Voici mon père et ma mère.”

School example: You draw your family. You label: “mon frère, ma sœur.”

Home example: You say, “Ma mère s’appelle Ngozi.”

Nigerian example: You introduce your uncle: “Voici mon oncle, M. Okafor.”

Illustration:

   Family Tree
       |
   +---+---+
   |       |
 Père    Mère
   |       |
   +---+---+
   |       |
 Frère   Sœur
    

Mini summary: Learn the words for father, mother, brother, sister first. Then add more.

Lesson 7: Talking about brothers and sisters – J’ai un frère / une sœur

Definition: You use “J’ai” (I have) to say how many brothers and sisters you have.

Why it is important: It helps you describe your family.

Simple explanation: “Un” for one boy, “une” for one girl. “Deux” for two, etc.

Real-life example: “J’ai deux frères et une sœur.” (I have two brothers and one sister.)

School example: “Dans ma famille, j’ai un frère.”

Home example: “Je n’ai pas de sœur.” (I don’t have a sister.)

Nigerian example: “J’ai trois frères et deux sœurs.” (I have three brothers and two sisters.)

Illustration:

   J'ai  +  un/une  +  frère/sœur
   I have    one         brother/sister
    

Mini summary: Use “un” for a boy, “une” for a girl. Use numbers for more.

Lesson 8: Introducing your father and mother – Mon père s’appelle… / Ma mère s’appelle…

Definition: “Mon père” = my father. “Ma mère” = my mother.

Why it is important: You can introduce your parents by name.

Simple explanation: “Mon” for masculine words, “ma” for feminine words. “S’appelle” = is called.

Real-life example: “Mon père s’appelle Chukwu.” “Ma mère s’appelle Ngozi.”

School example: You present your family tree. “Voici mon père. Il s’appelle Jean.”

Home example: “Ma mère s’appelle Amina. Elle est gentille.”

Nigerian example: “Mon père s’appelle Emeka. Ma mère s’appelle Chioma.”

Illustration:

   Mon père  -->  s'appelle  -->  [Name]
   Ma mère   -->  s'appelle  -->  [Name]
    

Mini summary: Use “mon” for father, “ma” for mother. Then say “s’appelle” and the name.

Lesson 9: Introducing your brother and sister – Mon frère s’appelle… / Ma sœur s’appelle…

Definition: Same pattern as parents, but for brothers and sisters.

Why it is important: You can introduce your siblings.

Simple explanation: “Mon frère” = my brother. “Ma sœur” = my sister.

Real-life example: “Mon frère s’appelle Tunde. Ma sœur s’appelle Bisi.”

School example: You describe your family: “J’ai un frère. Il s’appelle Musa.”

Home example: “Ma sœur s’appelle Ada. Elle a dix ans.”

Nigerian example: “Mon frère s’appelle Ike. Ma sœur s’appelle Nneka.”

Illustration:

   Mon frère  -->  s'appelle  -->  [Name]
   Ma sœur    -->  s'appelle  -->  [Name]
    

Mini summary: Use the same pattern: mon/ma + family word + s’appelle + name.

Lesson 10: Counting people – Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?

Definition: “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?” means “How many brothers and sisters do you have?”

Why it is important: It is a common question when talking about family.

Simple explanation: “Combien” = how many. “De” = of. “Frères et sœurs” = brothers and sisters.

Real-life example: You meet a new friend. You ask, “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?”

School example: In class, you survey your friends. “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?”

Home example: Your cousin asks about your family. You answer, “J’ai deux frères et une sœur.”

Nigerian example: “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?” “J’ai quatre frères et deux sœurs.”

Illustration:

   Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?
        |
        V
   J'ai [number] frères et [number] sœurs.
    

Mini summary: Use “Combien de… as-tu?” to ask how many. Answer with “J’ai…”

Lesson 11: Using numbers in the market – Au marché

Definition: You can use numbers to buy things.

Why it is important: Shopping is a real-life skill.

Simple explanation: Say the item, the number, and “s’il vous plaît.”

Real-life example: “Deux baguettes, s’il vous plaît.” (Two baguettes, please.)

School example: You play shop in French class. “Cinq cahiers, s’il vous plaît.”

Home example: Your mum sends you to buy eggs. “Six œufs, s’il vous plaît.”

Nigerian example: At Mile 12 Market, you say, “Dix tomates, s’il vous plaît.”

Illustration:

   [Number] + [item] + s'il vous plaît
   Trois      pommes    s'il vous plaît
    

Mini summary: Number + item + s’il vous plaît. That’s how you buy things.

Lesson 12: Telling your phone number – Mon numéro de téléphone

Definition: You can say your phone number using French numbers.

Why it is important: You may need to share your number with a French-speaking friend.

Simple explanation: Say each digit separately. For 0, say “zéro.”

Real-life example: “Mon numéro est zéro huit, un deux, trois quatre, cinq six, sept huit.”

School example: You practice saying your parents’ phone numbers in French.

Home example: You write your number on a form. You say it out loud in French.

Nigerian example: “Mon numéro est zéro huit zéro, trois quatre cinq, six sept huit neuf.”

Illustration:

   0803 456 7890
   zéro huit zéro trois, quatre cinq six, sept huit neuf zéro
    

Mini summary: Say each digit one by one. Practice with your own number.

Key Vocabulary

French	English	Simple Definition
un, deux, trois…	one, two, three…	Numbers for counting.
zéro	zero	The number 0.
dix	ten	The number 10.
vingt	twenty	The number 20.
cent	hundred	The number 100.
Quel âge as-tu?	How old are you?	Asking someone’s age.
J’ai … ans	I am … years old	Telling your age.
le père	father	Male parent.
la mère	mother	Female parent.
le frère	brother	Male sibling.
la sœur	sister	Female sibling.
le grand-père	grandfather	Father’s or mother’s father.
la grand-mère	grandmother	Father’s or mother’s mother.
l’oncle	uncle	Parent’s brother.
la tante	aunt	Parent’s sister.
le cousin / la cousine	cousin	Uncle’s or aunt’s child.
Combien de…?	How many…?	Asking about quantity.
Mon père s’appelle…	My father’s name is…	Introducing your father.
Ma mère s’appelle…	My mother’s name is…	Introducing your mother.

Important Concepts

• Age uses “avoir” (to have): In French, you say “I have 12 years” instead of “I am 12 years.” So “J’ai douze ans.”
• Masculine and feminine: Family words have gender. “Le père” is masculine. “La mère” is feminine. “Mon” goes with masculine. “Ma” goes with feminine.
• Numbers 70, 80, 90: These follow old counting patterns. 70 = 60+10, 80 = 4×20, 90 = 4×20+10.
• “Un” and “une”: “Un” for masculine nouns, “une” for feminine nouns. “Un frère,” “une sœur.”

Step-by-step Explanations

How to introduce your family in French (step by step)

1. Start with “Voici…” (Here is…).
2. Say “mon père” or “ma mère.”
3. Say “Il s’appelle…” or “Elle s’appelle…”
4. Say the name.
5. Add age if you want: “Il a quarante ans.”

Example:

   Voici mon père. Il s'appelle Chukwu. Il a quarante-cinq ans.
   Voici ma mère. Elle s'appelle Ngozi. Elle a quarante ans.
   J'ai deux frères et une sœur.
    

How to say your age (step by step)

1. Say “J’ai.”
2. Say the number.
3. Say “ans.”

Example: “J’ai treize ans.”

Real-life Examples

• At a birthday party: “Quel âge as-tu?” “J’ai onze ans.”
• At school: “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?” “J’ai deux frères et une sœur.”
• At the market: “Cinq bananes, s’il vous plaît.”
• On the phone: “Mon numéro est zéro six, douze, trente-quatre…”

Nigerian Examples

• You meet a French trader in Onitsha. You say, “J’ai treize ans. Et vous?”
• Your neighbour from Cotonou asks about your family. You say, “J’ai un frère et deux sœurs.”
• At a French club in Lagos, you introduce your father: “Mon père s’appelle Adewale.”

Fun Examples Children Can Relate To

• You count your toys in French: “un, deux, trois, quatre…”
• You pretend your cat is French: “Mon chat a trois ans.”
• You make a French family tree with silly names: “Mon frère s’appelle Superman.”

Everyday Examples

• Morning: “J’ai dix ans.” (I am ten.)
• Afternoon: “J’ai deux sœurs.” (I have two sisters.)
• Evening: “Mon père a cinquante ans.” (My father is fifty.)
• At the shop: “Quatre oranges, s’il vous plaît.”

Parent Tips

• Count with your child in French during everyday activities (e.g., counting plates, steps).
• Ask your child to teach you the names of family members in French.
• Make a family tree together and label it in French.
• Practice saying phone numbers in French.
• Celebrate small wins — every number learned is progress.

Interesting Facts

• In French, 80 is “quatre-vingts” which means “four twenties.” This comes from an old Celtic way of counting.
• “Ans” in French means “years.” It is pronounced “on.”
• French family words often look similar to English: “père” and “father,” “mère” and “mother.”
• “Oncle” and “tante” are easy to remember: “oncle” sounds like “uncle.”

Did You Know?

• Did you know that in some French-speaking African countries, people say “J’ai ans” differently? But standard French is the same everywhere.
• Did you know that “cent” (100) is used in many French expressions, like “cent pour cent” (100 percent)?
• Did you know that “frère” and “sœur” can also mean “brother” and “sister” in a religious sense?

Remember This

• Age uses “J’ai … ans.”
• “Mon” for father, “ma” for mother.
• “Un frère” (a brother), “une sœur” (a sister).
• Numbers 70, 80, 90 are special.
• “Combien de…?” means “How many…?”

Common Mistakes

• Saying “Je suis douze ans” instead of “J’ai douze ans.” (In French, you have years, not are years.)
• Using “mon” with feminine words: “mon mère” is wrong. Say “ma mère.”
• Forgetting “ans” when saying age: “J’ai douze” is incomplete. Say “J’ai douze ans.”
• Pronouncing “quatre-vingts” as “kwa-truh-van” instead of “katr-van.”

Best Practices

• Count everything in French for one day.
• Write your family tree in French and label it.
• Practice saying your age and your family members’ ages.
• Use French numbers when shopping with your parents.
• Review Modules One and Two often.

Illustrations and Diagrams

Number Chart 0–20

   0 zéro     5 cinq     10 dix     15 quinze
   1 un       6 six      11 onze    16 seize
   2 deux     7 sept     12 douze   17 dix-sept
   3 trois    8 huit     13 treize  18 dix-huit
   4 quatre   9 neuf     14 quatorze 19 dix-neuf
                                   20 vingt
    

Family Tree Diagram

        Grand-père + Grand-mère
              |
        +-----+-----+
        |           |
      Père        Oncle/Tante
        |           |
     +--+--+        |
     |     |        |
   Frère  Moi    Cousin/Cousine
        |
      Sœur
    

Age Conversation Flowchart

   You: "Quel âge as-tu?"
        |
        V
   Friend: "J'ai douze ans. Et toi?"
        |
        V
   You: "J'ai treize ans."
    

Comparison Table: Age in English vs French

English	French	Literal meaning
I am 12 years old.	J’ai douze ans.	I have 12 years.
She is 10 years old.	Elle a dix ans.	She has 10 years.
He is 15 years old.	Il a quinze ans.	He has 15 years.

Lesson Summaries

• Lesson 1: Numbers 0–10: zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix.
• Lesson 2: Numbers 11–20: onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt.
• Lesson 3: Numbers 20–100: vingt, trente, quarante, cinquante, soixante, soixante-dix, quatre-vingts, quatre-vingt-dix, cent.
• Lesson 4: “Quel âge as-tu?” = How old are you?
• Lesson 5: “J’ai … ans” = I am … years old.
• Lesson 6: Family words: père, mère, frère, sœur, grand-père, grand-mère, oncle, tante, cousin, cousine.
• Lesson 7: “J’ai un frère / une sœur” = I have a brother / a sister.
• Lesson 8: “Mon père s’appelle…” / “Ma mère s’appelle…”
• Lesson 9: “Mon frère s’appelle…” / “Ma sœur s’appelle…”
• Lesson 10: “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?” = How many brothers and sisters do you have?
• Lesson 11: Using numbers at the market: “Deux baguettes, s’il vous plaît.”
• Lesson 12: Saying your phone number using French digits.

End-of-Module Summary

In Module Three, you learned how to count from 0 to 100 in French. You learned how to say your age, ask someone’s age, and talk about your family. You can now introduce your father, mother, brothers, and sisters in French. You can also use numbers when shopping. Remember: age uses “J’ai … ans.” Family words have gender. Practice every day, and you will get better and better. Félicitations! You are now a stronger French speaker.

Frequently Asked Questions (10 questions)

1. Q: How do I say “I am 13 years old” in French?
   A: “J’ai treize ans.”
2. Q: Why do French people say “I have 13 years” instead of “I am 13 years”?
   A: That’s just how the French language works. They use “avoir” (to have) for age.
3. Q: What is “frère” and “sœur”?
   A: “Frère” means brother. “Sœur” means sister.
4. Q: How do I ask “How many brothers do you have?”
   A: “Combien de frères as-tu?”
5. Q: Is “mon père” for father and “ma mère” for mother?
   A: Yes. “Mon” for masculine, “ma” for feminine.
6. Q: What is 80 in French?
   A: “Quatre-vingts.”
7. Q: How do I say “My sister’s name is Ada”?
   A: “Ma sœur s’appelle Ada.”
8. Q: What does “Quel âge as-tu?” mean?
   A: “How old are you?”
9. Q: How do I say “I have two brothers”?
   A: “J’ai deux frères.”
10. Q: Can I use “tu” with my teacher?
    A: No, use “vous” with your teacher. “Tu” is for friends and family.

Matching Exercises

Match the French phrase with its English meaning.

French	English
1. J’ai dix ans.	A. My mother’s name is…
2. Ma mère s’appelle…	B. How many brothers do you have?
3. Combien de frères as-tu?	C. I am ten years old.
4. Mon frère s’appelle…	D. My brother’s name is…
5. Quel âge as-tu?	E. How old are you?

Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D, 5-E.

Scenario-based Exercises

1. You meet a new French friend. Ask their age.
   Answer: Quel âge as-tu?
2. Your friend says “J’ai onze ans.” How old are they?
   Answer: 11 years old.
3. You have two brothers and one sister. Say it in French.
   Answer: J’ai deux frères et une sœur.
4. Introduce your father. His name is Musa.
   Answer: Mon père s’appelle Musa.
5. You want to buy 4 oranges. What do you say?
   Answer: Quatre oranges, s’il vous plaît.

Group Activity

Activity: French Family Survey

Divide the class into small groups. Each student asks their group members in French: “Combien de frères et sœurs as-tu?” and “Quel âge as-tu?” Write down the answers. Then each group presents their findings to the class in French. For example: “Dans notre groupe, nous avons cinq frères et six sœurs. Marie a douze ans.”

Individual Activity

Activity: My Family Tree in French

Draw a family tree on a piece of paper. Label each person in French (père, mère, frère, sœur, etc.). Write their names and ages in French. For example: “Mon père s’appelle Jean. Il a quarante ans.” Present your tree to the class or to your family.

Mini Project

Make a French Number Book

Create a small booklet with numbers 0 to 20. On each page, write the number in French, draw that many objects, and write a simple sentence. For example: page for 5: “cinq” and draw 5 stars, then write “J’ai cinq étoiles.” Decorate the cover with “Les Nombres en Français.”

Practical Assignment

For one week, try to use French numbers and family words in real life. For example:

• Count your steps in French from 1 to 20.
• Tell your age in French when someone asks.
• Introduce your family members in French to a friend.
• Say the price of an item in French at the shop.

Write a short paragraph about what you did and how it felt.

Key Takeaways

• Numbers 0–100 in French follow patterns.
• Age uses “J’ai … ans.”
• “Mon” for masculine family words, “ma” for feminine.
• “Frère” = brother, “sœur” = sister.
• “Combien de…?” means “How many…?”
• You can use numbers to shop and share your phone number.

Classroom Discussion Questions

1. Why do you think French uses “I have 12 years” instead of “I am 12 years”?
2. How do you say your age in your own language? How is it different?
3. Why is it useful to know family words in French?
4. What number patterns in French are different from English?
5. How can numbers help you when you travel to a French-speaking country?

Preparation for Module Four

In Module Four, we will learn about days of the week, months of the year, and how to talk about dates and time. To prepare, think about your daily routine and what days you do different activities. Also, try to learn the days of the week in English and think about how they might be similar in French. Bring a calendar to the next class if you can. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

---

End of Module Three

Félicitations! (Congratulations!) You have completed Module Three. You can now count, talk about your age, and introduce your family in French. Keep practicing, and you will become a French language expert. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

Module Four: Days, Months, Dates, and Time in French

For beginners – ages 10 and up. Let’s learn French together!

Module Introduction

Welcome to Module Four! In Module One, you learned French sounds. In Module Two, you learned greetings and introductions. In Module Three, you learned numbers, age, and family. Now it is time to learn about days, months, dates, and time.

These words help you talk about your daily life. You can say what day it is today. You can say when your birthday is. You can ask what time it is. Imagine you want to tell a French friend, "My birthday is on Saturday, the fifth of June." In French, you would say, "Mon anniversaire est le samedi cinq juin." By the end of this module, you will know how to say that and much more.

This module has many fun examples, stories, and activities. Take your time. Practice out loud. Ask questions. Let’s begin!

Learning Objectives

After working through this module, you will be able to:

• Say the days of the week in French.
• Say the months of the year in French.
• Say the date in French.
• Ask and answer "What day is it today?" in French.
• Ask and answer "What time is it?" in French.
• Talk about your daily routine using time words.
• Understand simple schedules in French.
• Say when your birthday is in French.

Warm-up Story: Amina’s Birthday Calendar

Amina was a 13-year-old girl from Kano, Nigeria. She loved birthdays. Her own birthday was coming soon, and she wanted to invite her French pen pal, Sophie, to a party. But there was a problem. Sophie lived in France, and Amina did not know how to write the date in French.

Amina looked at her calendar. Her birthday was on Saturday, the fifth of June. She knew how to write that in English, but not in French. So she asked her French teacher, Monsieur Ibrahim. He smiled and said, "In French, you say samedi cinq juin."

Amina was excited. She also learned the days of the week: lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche. And she learned the months: janvier, février, mars, avril, mai, juin, juillet, août, septembre, octobre, novembre, décembre.

Then Sophie replied, "Merci Amina! Mon anniversaire est le lundi douze mars. Quelle heure est la fête?" Amina had to learn how to tell time too. Monsieur Ibrahim taught her: "Quelle heure est-il? Il est trois heures."

By the time of the party, Amina could talk about days, months, dates, and time in French. She felt proud. You can do the same. Let’s learn how!

Main Lessons

Lesson 1: Days of the Week – Les jours de la semaine

Definition: Days of the week are the seven days we use to talk about our weekly schedule.

Why it is important: You need days to talk about when things happen. "On Monday I go to school."

Simple explanation: In French, the days are easy to learn. They all sound a little different. Let’s learn them one by one.

English	French	Pronunciation (approximate)
Monday	lundi	luhn-dee
Tuesday	mardi	mar-dee
Wednesday	mercredi	mer-kruh-dee
Thursday	jeudi	zhuh-dee
Friday	vendredi	van-druh-dee
Saturday	samedi	sam-dee
Sunday	dimanche	dee-mansh

Real-life example: You look at your calendar. You say, "Aujourd’hui, c’est lundi." (Today is Monday.)

School example: Your French teacher asks, "Quel jour sommes-nous?" You answer, "Nous sommes mardi." (We are Tuesday.)

Home example: You tell your mum, "Mercredi, j’ai un match de football." (On Wednesday, I have a football match.)

Nigerian example: You plan a trip to Abuja. You say, "Je vais à Abuja vendredi." (I am going to Abuja on Friday.)

Illustration:

   Lundi    Mardi    Mercredi    Jeudi
     |        |         |          |
   Vendredi  Samedi   Dimanche
     |        |         |
   (work)   (play)    (rest)
    

Mini summary: There are seven days in French. They all end with "di" except dimanche. Practice them in order.

Lesson 2: Months of the Year – Les mois de l’année

Definition: Months are the twelve parts of the year.

Why it is important: You need months to talk about birthdays, holidays, and seasons.

Simple explanation: Many French months look like English months. That makes them easier to remember.

English	French	Pronunciation
January	janvier	zhahn-vee-ay
February	février	fay-vree-ay
March	mars	mars
April	avril	ah-vreel
May	mai	may
June	juin	zhwan
July	juillet	zhwee-yay
August	août	oot
September	septembre	sep-tahmbr
October	octobre	ok-tohbr
November	novembre	noh-vahmbr
December	décembre	day-sahmbr

Real-life example: Your birthday is in May. You say, "Mon anniversaire est en mai."

School example: School holidays start in July. You say, "Les vacances commencent en juillet."

Home example: Christmas is in December. You say, "Noël est en décembre."

Nigerian example: Independence Day is October 1st. You say, "Le jour de l’indépendance est le premier octobre."

Illustration:

   Janvier   Février   Mars    Avril
      |         |       |        |
     Mai      Juin    Juillet  Août
      |         |       |        |
   Septembre Octobre Novembre Décembre
    

Mini summary: Twelve months. Many are similar to English. Learn them in order.

Lesson 3: What day is it today? – Quel jour sommes-nous?

Definition: "Quel jour sommes-nous?" means "What day are we?" or "What day is it today?"

Why it is important: You need to ask and answer this question often.

Simple explanation: "Quel" = which, "jour" = day, "sommes-nous" = are we.

Real-life example: You wake up and forget the day. You ask, "Quel jour sommes-nous?" Someone answers, "Nous sommes mercredi."

School example: Your teacher starts class with this question. You answer together.

Home example: You ask your brother, "Quel jour sommes-nous?" He says, "C’est samedi!"

Nigerian example: You forget the day of your exam. You ask, "Quel jour sommes-nous?" Your friend says, "Nous sommes lundi."

Illustration:

   You: "Quel jour sommes-nous?"
        |
        V
   Friend: "Nous sommes vendredi."
    

Mini summary: Use "Quel jour sommes-nous?" to ask the day. Answer with "Nous sommes [day]."

Lesson 4: Saying the date – La date

Definition: The date tells you the day, month, and year.

Why it is important: You write the date on forms, letters, and homework.

Simple explanation: In French, you say the day number first, then the month. For the 1st, you say "le premier." For other days, you say "le [number]."

Real-life example: Today is 5th June. You say, "C’est le cinq juin."

School example: You write the date on your notebook: "Lundi cinq juin."

Home example: You tell your mum the date: "Aujourd’hui, c’est le douze mars."

Nigerian example: Nigeria’s Independence Day is 1st October. You say, "C’est le premier octobre."

Illustration:

   Day number + Month
      5        +  juin  =  le cinq juin
      1        + octobre = le premier octobre
    

Mini summary: Use "le [number] [month]." Remember: 1st is "le premier."

Lesson 5: My birthday – Mon anniversaire

Definition: "Mon anniversaire" means "My birthday."

Why it is important: Everyone loves birthdays. You need to tell people when yours is.

Simple explanation: "Mon anniversaire est le [date]."

Real-life example: "Mon anniversaire est le quinze août."

School example: You tell your class: "Mon anniversaire est le trois février."

Home example: You remind your parents: "Mon anniversaire est le dix novembre."

Nigerian example: Your birthday is 12th March. You say, "Mon anniversaire est le douze mars."

Illustration:

   Mon anniversaire  +  est le  +  [date]
      My birthday        is on     12 mars
    

Mini summary: Say "Mon anniversaire est le [date]." Practice your own birthday.

Lesson 6: What time is it? – Quelle heure est-il?

Definition: "Quelle heure est-il?" means "What time is it?"

Why it is important: You need to know the time to be on time.

Simple explanation: "Quelle" = which, "heure" = hour/time, "est-il" = is it.

Real-life example: You are late. You ask, "Quelle heure est-il?" Someone says, "Il est trois heures."

School example: You ask the teacher, "Quelle heure est-il?" She says, "Il est dix heures."

Home example: You ask your dad, "Quelle heure est-il?" He says, "Il est sept heures."

Nigerian example: You are waiting for a bus. You ask, "Quelle heure est-il?" A man says, "Il est midi." (It is noon.)

Illustration:

   You: "Quelle heure est-il?"
        |
        V
   Person: "Il est [number] heures."
    

Mini summary: Use "Quelle heure est-il?" to ask the time. Answer with "Il est [number] heures."

Lesson 7: Telling time – Il est … heures

Definition: To tell time, you say "Il est [number] heures."

Why it is important: You need to say the time to make appointments.

Simple explanation: Use numbers from Module Three. Add "heures" for hours. For minutes, add the number. For half past, say "et demie." For quarter past, say "et quart." For quarter to, say "moins le quart."

English	French
1:00	Il est une heure.
2:00	Il est deux heures.
3:15	Il est trois heures et quart.
4:30	Il est quatre heures et demie.
5:45	Il est six heures moins le quart.
12:00 (noon)	Il est midi.
12:00 (midnight)	Il est minuit.

Real-life example: You have a class at 9:00. You say, "J’ai un cours à neuf heures."

School example: Break is at 10:30. You say, "La récréation est à dix heures et demie."

Home example: Dinner is at 7:00. You say, "Le dîner est à sept heures."

Nigerian example: You watch the news at 8:00. You say, "Je regarde les nouvelles à huit heures."

Illustration:

   3:00  --> Il est trois heures.
   3:15  --> Il est trois heures et quart.
   3:30  --> Il est trois heures et demie.
   3:45  --> Il est quatre heures moins le quart.
    

Mini summary: Use "Il est [number] heures." Add "et quart," "et demie," or "moins le quart" for minutes.

Lesson 8: Morning, afternoon, evening – Le matin, l’après-midi, le soir

Definition: These words tell you the part of the day.

Why it is important: You use them to say when you do things.

Simple explanation: "Le matin" = morning. "L’après-midi" = afternoon. "Le soir" = evening. "La nuit" = night.

Real-life example: "Je me lève le matin." (I get up in the morning.)

School example: "J’ai cours l’après-midi." (I have class in the afternoon.)

Home example: "Je regarde la télé le soir." (I watch TV in the evening.)

Nigerian example: "Je fais mes devoirs le soir." (I do my homework in the evening.)

Illustration:

   Le matin  -->  L'après-midi  -->  Le soir  -->  La nuit
   (6am-12pm)     (12pm-6pm)       (6pm-10pm)    (10pm-6am)
    

Mini summary: Use these words to say when you do things.

Lesson 9: Daily routine – Ma routine quotidienne

Definition: Your daily routine is what you do every day.

Why it is important: You can describe your day in French.

Simple explanation: Use time words and verbs to describe your day.

Real-life example: "Je me lève à sept heures. Je prends le petit-déjeuner. Je vais à l’école."

School example: You write about your routine: "Le matin, je vais à l’école. L’après-midi, je fais mes devoirs."

Home example: "Le soir, je mange avec ma famille. Je me couche à dix heures."

Nigerian example: "Le matin, je prends le bus pour aller à l’école." (In the morning, I take the bus to school.)

Illustration:

   7:00  Je me lève.
   7:30  Je prends le petit-déjeuner.
   8:00  Je vais à l'école.
   14:00 Je rentre à la maison.
   19:00 Je mange le dîner.
   22:00 Je me couche.
    

Mini summary: Use time + action to describe your routine.

Lesson 10: Days and prepositions – Le lundi, mardi…

Definition: Prepositions are small words like "on," "in," "at."

Why it is important: You need them to say when things happen.

Simple explanation: For days, use "le" before the day. For months, use "en."

English	French
On Monday	le lundi
On Tuesday	le mardi
In January	en janvier
In May	en mai
In summer	en été

Real-life example: "Je vais à l’église le dimanche." (I go to church on Sunday.)

School example: "Nous avons français le mercredi." (We have French on Wednesday.)

Home example: "Nous visitons grand-mère en décembre." (We visit grandma in December.)

Nigerian example: "Je joue au football le samedi." (I play football on Saturday.)

Illustration:

   le + day     ->  le lundi (on Monday)
   en + month   ->  en mars (in March)
    

Mini summary: Use "le" with days, "en" with months.

Lesson 11: Seasons – Les saisons

Definition: Seasons are the four parts of the year.

Why it is important: You can talk about weather and holidays.

Simple explanation: "Le printemps" = spring. "L’été" = summer. "L’automne" = autumn/fall. "L’hiver" = winter.

English	French	Months
Spring	le printemps	March, April, May
Summer	l’été	June, July, August
Autumn	l’automne	September, October, November
Winter	l’hiver	December, January, February

Real-life example: "En été, il fait chaud." (In summer, it is hot.)

School example: "Les vacances d’été commencent en juin." (Summer holidays start in June.)

Home example: "En hiver, je porte un manteau." (In winter, I wear a coat.)

Nigerian example: Nigeria has a rainy season and a dry season. In French, you can say "la saison des pluies" and "la saison sèche."

Illustration:

   Printemps  ->  Été  ->  Automne  ->  Hiver
   (spring)      (summer)  (autumn)    (winter)
    

Mini summary: Four seasons. Learn their names and months.

Lesson 12: Asking about schedules – À quelle heure…?

Definition: "À quelle heure…?" means "At what time…?"

Why it is important: You need to ask when events happen.

Simple explanation: "À quelle heure" = at what time. Then add your question.

Real-life example: "À quelle heure est le film?" (At what time is the film?)

School example: "À quelle heure commence l’école?" (At what time does school start?)

Home example: "À quelle heure est le dîner?" (At what time is dinner?)

Nigerian example: "À quelle heure part le bus?" (At what time does the bus leave?)

Illustration:

   À quelle heure  +  [event]?
       At what time     is the film?
    

Mini summary: Use "À quelle heure…?" to ask about times. Answer with "À [number] heures."

Lesson 13: Putting it all together – A full conversation

Definition: Now we combine days, months, dates, and time.

Why it is important: You can have a real conversation about your schedule.

Simple explanation: Let’s see a full conversation.

Real-life example:

   A: Bonjour! Quel jour sommes-nous?
   B: Nous sommes mercredi.
   A: Quelle heure est-il?
   B: Il est trois heures.
   A: Mon anniversaire est le cinq juin. Et toi?
   B: Mon anniversaire est le douze mars.
   A: À quelle heure est la fête?
   B: À six heures.
    

School example: You practice this conversation with a partner.

Home example: You tell your family about your day in French.

Nigerian example: You explain your weekly schedule to a French friend.

Illustration:

   Greeting -> Day -> Time -> Birthday -> Event time -> Goodbye
    

Mini summary: Combine everything you learned to talk about your life in French.

Key Vocabulary

French	English	Simple Definition
lundi	Monday	First day of the work week.
mardi	Tuesday	Second day.
mercredi	Wednesday	Middle of the week.
jeudi	Thursday	Fourth day.
vendredi	Friday	Fifth day.
samedi	Saturday	Weekend day.
dimanche	Sunday	Day of rest.
janvier	January	First month.
février	February	Second month.
mars	March	Third month.
avril	April	Fourth month.
mai	May	Fifth month.
juin	June	Sixth month.
juillet	July	Seventh month.
août	August	Eighth month.
septembre	September	Ninth month.
octobre	October	Tenth month.
novembre	November	Eleventh month.
décembre	December	Twelfth month.
Quel jour sommes-nous?	What day is it?	Asking the day.
Quelle heure est-il?	What time is it?	Asking the time.
Il est … heures.	It is … o’clock.	Telling time.
Mon anniversaire	My birthday	The day you were born.
le matin	morning	Before noon.
l’après-midi	afternoon	After noon, before evening.
le soir	evening	After afternoon.
la nuit	night	Dark part of the day.

Important Concepts

• Days are masculine: All days are masculine. "Le lundi" = on Monday.
• Months are masculine: All months are masculine. "En janvier" = in January.
• The first of the month: Use "le premier" for the 1st. For other days, use "le [number]."
• Time uses "heures": "Il est trois heures" = It is three o’clock.
• Half and quarter: "et demie" = half past. "et quart" = quarter past. "moins le quart" = quarter to.
• Prepositions: "le" for days, "en" for months and seasons.

Step-by-step Explanations

How to say the date (step by step)

1. Say "le."
2. Say the day number. (Use "premier" for 1st.)
3. Say the month.

Example: "le cinq juin" (the 5th of June).

How to tell time (step by step)

1. Say "Il est."
2. Say the hour number.
3. Say "heures."
4. If needed, add minutes: "et quart," "et demie," or "moins le quart."

Example: "Il est quatre heures et demie." (It is 4:30.)

Real-life Examples

• At school: "Quel jour sommes-nous?" "Nous sommes mardi."
• At home: "Quelle heure est-il?" "Il est sept heures."
• Planning: "Mon anniversaire est le dix mars."
• Shopping: "Le magasin ouvre à neuf heures." (The shop opens at 9.)

Nigerian Examples

• You tell a French friend: "Je vais à l’église le dimanche." (I go to church on Sunday.)
• You say: "Mon anniversaire est le premier octobre." (My birthday is October 1st.)
• You explain: "Les vacances commencent en juillet." (Holidays start in July.)

Fun Examples Children Can Relate To

• You pretend to be a French clock: "Il est midi!"
• You sing the days of the week to a tune: "Lundi, mardi, mercredi…"
• You make a calendar with French months and draw pictures.

Everyday Examples

• Morning: "Il est sept heures. Je me lève."
• Afternoon: "Il est deux heures. Je vais à l’école."
• Evening: "Il est huit heures. Je regarde la télé."
• Night: "Il est dix heures. Je me couche."

Parent Tips

• Ask your child "Quel jour sommes-nous?" every morning.
• Practice telling time in French at home.
• Mark family birthdays on a calendar and say them in French.
• Watch a French weather report together to hear days and months.
• Encourage your child to say the date in French each day.

Interesting Facts

• The French week starts on Monday, not Sunday.
• "Août" (August) is pronounced "oot." The "a" and "o" are silent.
• In French, you say "il est trois heures" but for 1:00, you say "il est une heure" (feminine).
• "Midi" means noon, and "minuit" means midnight.

Did You Know?

• Did you know that in some French-speaking countries, the week starts on Sunday? But in France, it starts on Monday.
• Did you know that "lundi" comes from the Latin word for moon, "luna"?
• Did you know that "samedi" comes from the Hebrew word "Sabbath"?

Remember This

• Days: lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche.
• Months: janvier, février, mars, avril, mai, juin, juillet, août, septembre, octobre, novembre, décembre.
• Date: "le [number] [month]."
• Time: "Il est [number] heures."
• Use "le" with days, "en" with months.

Common Mistakes

• Saying "Il est trois heure" instead of "Il est trois heures." (Always add the "s.")
• Using "le" with months: "le janvier" is wrong. Say "en janvier."
• Forgetting "le premier" for the 1st. Don’t say "le un."
• Pronouncing "août" as "ah-oot." It is "oot."
• Saying "Je suis" for age. Remember: "J’ai … ans."

Best Practices

• Say the date in French every morning.
• Practice telling time throughout the day.
• Write your birthday and family birthdays in French.
• Make a French calendar for your room.
• Review numbers from Module Three often.

Illustrations and Diagrams

Days of the Week Timeline

   Lundi -> Mardi -> Mercredi -> Jeudi -> Vendredi -> Samedi -> Dimanche
     |        |         |          |          |          |          |
   work     work      work       work       work      play       rest
    

Months of the Year Chart

   Jan  Fév  Mar  Avr  Mai  Juin  Jui  Août  Sep  Oct  Nov  Déc
    |    |    |    |    |    |     |    |     |    |    |    |
   hiver    printemps     été        automne        hiver
    

Time Flowchart

   "Quelle heure est-il?"
        |
        V
   "Il est [number] heures."
        |
        V
   +----+----+----+
   |         |         |
 et quart  et demie  moins le quart
    

Comparison Table: English vs French Dates

English	French
Monday, June 5th	lundi cinq juin
Friday, December 25th	vendredi vingt-cinq décembre
Saturday, October 1st	samedi premier octobre

Lesson Summaries

• Lesson 1: Days of the week: lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche.
• Lesson 2: Months: janvier, février, mars, avril, mai, juin, juillet, août, septembre, octobre, novembre, décembre.
• Lesson 3: "Quel jour sommes-nous?" = What day is it?
• Lesson 4: Date: "le [number] [month]." 1st = "le premier."
• Lesson 5: "Mon anniversaire est le [date]." = My birthday is on [date].
• Lesson 6: "Quelle heure est-il?" = What time is it?
• Lesson 7: Time: "Il est [number] heures." Add "et quart," "et demie," "moins le quart."
• Lesson 8: Parts of the day: le matin, l’après-midi, le soir, la nuit.
• Lesson 9: Daily routine: "Je me lève à sept heures."
• Lesson 10: Prepositions: "le" for days, "en" for months.
• Lesson 11: Seasons: le printemps, l’été, l’automne, l’hiver.
• Lesson 12: "À quelle heure…?" = At what time…?
• Lesson 13: Putting it all together in a conversation.

End-of-Module Summary

In Module Four, you learned the days of the week, months of the year, how to say dates, and how to tell time in French. You can now say when your birthday is, ask what day it is, and talk about your daily routine. You also learned seasons and how to use "le" and "en" with days and months. Keep practicing every day. Félicitations! You are becoming a French language expert.

Frequently Asked Questions (10 questions)

1. Q: How do I say "Monday" in French?
   A: "Lundi."
2. Q: How do I say "My birthday is on June 5th"?
   A: "Mon anniversaire est le cinq juin."
3. Q: What is "Quelle heure est-il?"
   A: It means "What time is it?"
4. Q: How do I say 3:30 in French?
   A: "Il est trois heures et demie."
5. Q: What is the first month of the year in French?
   A: "Janvier."
6. Q: How do I ask "What day is it today?"
   A: "Quel jour sommes-nous?"
7. Q: How do I say "in May"?
   A: "En mai."
8. Q: What is "le premier"?
   A: It means "the first" (for the 1st of the month).
9. Q: How do I say "noon" in French?
   A: "Midi."
10. Q: How do I say "at what time"?
    A: "À quelle heure."

Matching Exercises

Match the French phrase with its English meaning.

French	English
1. lundi	A. What time is it?
2. Quelle heure est-il?	B. Monday
3. Mon anniversaire	C. It is three o’clock.
4. Il est trois heures.	D. My birthday
5. en janvier	E. in January

Answers: 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C, 5-E.

Scenario-based Exercises

1. You want to know the day. Ask.
   Answer: Quel jour sommes-nous?
2. You want to know the time. Ask.
   Answer: Quelle heure est-il?
3. Your birthday is 10th May. Say it in French.
   Answer: Mon anniversaire est le dix mai.
4. It is 2:45. Say the time.
   Answer: Il est trois heures moins le quart.
5. You go to school on Monday. Say it.
   Answer: Je vais à l’école le lundi.

Group Activity

Activity: French Calendar Game

Divide the class into groups. Give each group a set of cards with days and months in French. The teacher calls out a date in English (e.g., "Monday, June 5th"). The groups must find the correct cards and arrange them in French ("lundi cinq juin"). The first group to get it right wins a point.

Individual Activity

Activity: My Week in French

Write a short paragraph about your week in French. Include what you do on different days and at what time. For example: "Le lundi, je vais à l’école à sept heures. Le mercredi, j’ai un cours de français à dix heures." Present it to the class.

Mini Project

Make a French Calendar

Create a one-month calendar in French. Write the days of the week at the top. Number the days. Write the month name. Mark important dates like birthdays and holidays in French. Decorate it with French colours.

Practical Assignment

For one week, try to say the date and time in French every day. For example:

• In the morning: "Aujourd’hui, c’est lundi cinq juin. Il est sept heures."
• At school: "Quelle heure est-il?"
• At home: "Mon anniversaire est le [date]."

Write down what you said each day and how it felt.

Key Takeaways

• Days: lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche.
• Months: janvier to décembre.
• Date: "le [number] [month]."
• Time: "Il est [number] heures."
• Use "le" for days, "en" for months.
• Seasons: le printemps, l’été, l’automne, l’hiver.

Classroom Discussion Questions

1. Why is it useful to know the days of the week in French?
2. How do you say the date in your own language? How is it different from French?
3. What is your favourite day of the week and why?
4. How can telling time in French help you when you travel?
5. What season do you like best? How do you say it in French?

Preparation for Module Five

In Module Five, we will learn about food, drinks, and how to order in a restaurant or market. To prepare, think about your favourite foods and drinks. Try to learn their names in French. Also, bring a picture of your favourite meal to the next class. You will learn how to say "I like…" and "I don’t like…" in French. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

---

End of Module Four

Félicitations! (Congratulations!) You have completed Module Four. You can now talk about days, months, dates, and time in French. Keep practicing, and you will become a French language expert. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

Module Five: Food, Drinks, and Ordering in French

For beginners – ages 10 and up. Let’s learn French together!

Module Introduction

Welcome to Module Five! In Module One, you learned French sounds. In Module Two, you learned greetings. In Module Three, you learned numbers and family. In Module Four, you learned days, months, dates, and time. Now it is time to learn about something delicious: food and drinks!

Everyone loves food. In this module, you will learn the names of common foods in French. You will learn how to say what you like and what you don’t like. You will also learn how to order food in a restaurant or at a market. Imagine you are in a French café in Paris. You want to order a croissant and a glass of orange juice. In French, you would say, "Je voudrais un croissant et un jus d’orange, s’il vous plaît." By the end of this module, you will know how to do that and much more.

This module is full of tasty examples, stories, and activities. Take your time. Practice out loud. Ask questions. Let’s begin!

Learning Objectives

After working through this module, you will be able to:

• Name common foods in French.
• Name common drinks in French.
• Say what you like and don’t like using "J’aime" and "Je n’aime pas."
• Order food and drinks politely in French.
• Ask for the bill in a restaurant.
• Talk about meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) in French.
• Use food words at the market or in a shop.
• Understand simple food-related conversations.

Warm-up Story: Tola’s French Café Adventure

Tola was a 12-year-old girl from Ibadan, Nigeria. Her aunt had just returned from a trip to Paris, France. She brought Tola a beautiful picture book about French cafés. Tola looked at the pictures of golden croissants, colourful macarons, and steaming cups of hot chocolate. She wished she could visit a French café one day.

One afternoon, Tola’s French teacher, Madame Folake, announced a special event: a French café day at school! The classroom would be turned into a small café. Students would take turns being waiters and customers. But there was one rule: everything had to be in French.

Tola panicked. She knew how to say "Bonjour" and "Merci," but she did not know how to say "I would like a sandwich" or "How much does it cost?" She asked Madame Folake for help. Madame Folake smiled and said, "Don’t worry, Tola. We will learn everything you need in Module Five."

Over the next two weeks, Tola learned the names of foods: le pain (bread), le fromage (cheese), la pomme (apple), le poulet (chicken). She learned drinks: l’eau (water), le lait (milk), le jus d’orange (orange juice). She learned how to say "Je voudrais…" (I would like…). She learned how to ask "C’est combien?" (How much is it?)

On the day of the French café, Tola walked in and said, "Bonjour! Je voudrais un croissant et un chocolat chaud, s’il vous plaît." Her classmates clapped. She felt so proud. You can do the same. Let’s learn how!

Main Lessons

Lesson 1: Common Foods – Les aliments courants

Definition: Foods are things we eat. In French, food is called "la nourriture" or "les aliments."

Why it is important: You need food words to talk about meals, order in restaurants, and go shopping.

Simple explanation: Let’s learn the names of common foods.

French	English	Pronunciation
le pain	bread	luh pan
le fromage	cheese	luh froh-mazh
la pomme	apple	lah pom
la banane	banana	lah bah-nan
l’orange	orange	loh-ranzh
le poulet	chicken	luh poo-lay
le poisson	fish	luh pwah-son
le riz	rice	luh ree
les légumes	vegetables	lay lay-goom
le gâteau	cake	luh gah-toh
le chocolat	chocolate	luh shoh-koh-lah
la soupe	soup	lah soop

Real-life example: You are hungry. You say, "Je voudrais du pain et du fromage." (I would like some bread and cheese.)

School example: Your teacher shows pictures of food. You name them in French.

Home example: Your mum asks what you want for breakfast. You say, "Je voudrais une banane."

Nigerian example: You describe Nigerian food in French: "le riz" (rice), "le poulet" (chicken), "les légumes" (vegetables).

Illustration:

   FOOD
    |
    +-- le pain (bread)
    +-- le fromage (cheese)
    +-- la pomme (apple)
    +-- le poulet (chicken)
    +-- le riz (rice)
    +-- le gâteau (cake)
    

Mini summary: Learn these food words. Practice saying them when you eat.

Lesson 2: Common Drinks – Les boissons courantes

Definition: Drinks are liquids we consume. In French, drinks are called "les boissons."

Why it is important: You need drink words to order at a café or restaurant.

Simple explanation: Let’s learn the names of common drinks.

French	English	Pronunciation
l’eau	water	loh
le lait	milk	luh lay
le jus d’orange	orange juice	luh zhoo doh-ranzh
le jus de pomme	apple juice	luh zhoo duh pom
le thé	tea	luh tay
le café	coffee	luh kah-fay
le chocolat chaud	hot chocolate	luh shoh-koh-lah shoh
le soda	soda	luh soh-dah
le lait fraise	strawberry milk	luh lay frez

Real-life example: You are thirsty. You say, "Je voudrais de l’eau, s’il vous plaît." (I would like some water, please.)

School example: You order at the school café: "Un jus d’orange, s’il vous plaît."

Home example: You ask for milk: "Je voudrais du lait."

Nigerian example: You enjoy "le thé" (tea) in the morning, just like many Nigerians enjoy tea.

Illustration:

   DRINKS
    |
    +-- l'eau (water)
    +-- le lait (milk)
    +-- le jus d'orange (orange juice)
    +-- le thé (tea)
    +-- le chocolat chaud (hot chocolate)
    

Mini summary: Learn these drink words. Practice ordering them politely.

Lesson 3: I like… / I don’t like… – J’aime… / Je n’aime pas…

Definition: "J’aime" means "I like." "Je n’aime pas" means "I don’t like."

Why it is important: You need to express your preferences.

Simple explanation: "J’aime" + food. "Je n’aime pas" + food. To say "I love," use "J’adore." To say "I hate," use "Je déteste."

French	English
J’aime le chocolat.	I like chocolate.
Je n’aime pas le poisson.	I don’t like fish.
J’adore la pizza.	I love pizza.
Je déteste les oignons.	I hate onions.

Real-life example: You are at a restaurant. You say, "J’aime le poulet, mais je n’aime pas le poisson."

School example: Your teacher asks what you like. You say, "J’aime les fruits."

Home example: Your mum asks if you want vegetables. You say, "Je n’aime pas les légumes."

Nigerian example: You say, "J’aime le riz et le poulet." (I like rice and chicken.)

Illustration:

   J'aime        -->  (happy face)  -->  food you like
   Je n'aime pas -->  (sad face)    -->  food you don't like
    

Mini summary: Use "J’aime" and "Je n’aime pas" to talk about your food preferences.

Lesson 4: I would like… – Je voudrais…

Definition: "Je voudrais" means "I would like." It is a polite way to ask for something.

Why it is important: It is the most important phrase for ordering food.

Simple explanation: "Je voudrais" + food/drink + "s’il vous plaît."

Real-life example: "Je voudrais un sandwich, s’il vous plaît." (I would like a sandwich, please.)

School example: In the French café activity, you say, "Je voudrais un jus d’orange."

Home example: You ask your dad, "Je voudrais du pain, s’il te plaît." (s’il te plaît is informal "please.")

Nigerian example: At a restaurant in Lagos, you say, "Je voudrais du riz et du poulet."

Illustration:

   Je voudrais  +  [food/drink]  +  s'il vous plaît
   I would like     a sandwich       please
    

Mini summary: "Je voudrais" is polite and useful. Use it every time you order.

Lesson 5: How much is it? – C’est combien?

Definition: "C’est combien?" means "How much is it?"

Why it is important: You need to ask the price before you buy.

Simple explanation: "C’est" = it is. "Combien" = how much.

Real-life example: You see a croissant. You ask, "C’est combien?" The seller says, "Deux euros."

School example: In the pretend café, you ask, "C’est combien, le jus d’orange?"

Home example: You ask your mum, "C’est combien, le gâteau?"

Nigerian example: At a market in Abuja, you ask, "C’est combien, les bananes?"

Illustration:

   You: "C'est combien?"
        |
        V
   Seller: "C'est cinq euros."
    

Mini summary: Use "C’est combien?" to ask the price of anything.

Lesson 6: At the restaurant – Au restaurant

Definition: A restaurant is a place where you buy and eat food.

Why it is important: You need to know how to order, ask for the bill, and say thank you.

Simple explanation: Here is a simple restaurant conversation.

   Waiter: Bonjour! Qu'est-ce que vous voulez?
   You:    Je voudrais un sandwich et un jus d'orange.
   Waiter: Très bien. C'est tout?
   You:    Oui, c'est tout. C'est combien?
   Waiter: C'est dix euros.
   You:    Voici. Merci!
   Waiter: Merci! Au revoir!
    

Real-life example: You are at a French restaurant. You use this conversation.

School example: You practice this conversation with a partner.

Home example: You pretend to be a waiter for your family.

Nigerian example: You use this conversation at a French-themed restaurant in Lagos.

Illustration:

   Enter  -->  Order  -->  Eat  -->  Ask for bill  -->  Pay  -->  Leave
    

Mini summary: Use "Je voudrais," "C’est combien," and "Merci" at a restaurant.

Lesson 7: Meals – Les repas

Definition: Meals are the times we eat during the day.

Why it is important: You need to talk about when you eat.

Simple explanation: "Le petit-déjeuner" = breakfast. "Le déjeuner" = lunch. "Le dîner" = dinner. "Le goûter" = snack.

French	English	Time
le petit-déjeuner	breakfast	morning
le déjeuner	lunch	midday
le goûter	afternoon snack	afternoon
le dîner	dinner	evening

Real-life example: "Je prends le petit-déjeuner à sept heures." (I have breakfast at 7.)

School example: "Je mange le déjeuner à l’école." (I eat lunch at school.)

Home example: "Le dîner est à huit heures." (Dinner is at 8.)

Nigerian example: "Le matin, je prends le petit-déjeuner avec du thé et du pain."

Illustration:

   7:00   petit-déjeuner (breakfast)
   12:00  déjeuner (lunch)
   16:00  goûter (snack)
   19:00  dîner (dinner)
    

Mini summary: Learn the names of meals and when you eat them.

Lesson 8: At the market – Au marché

Definition: A market is a place where you buy food and other things.

Why it is important: You need to buy food for your family.

Simple explanation: Use numbers and food words to buy things.

Real-life example: "Je voudrais trois pommes et deux bananes." (I would like three apples and two bananas.)

School example: You play market in French class.

Home example: Your mum sends you to buy bread. You say, "Un pain, s’il vous plaît."

Nigerian example: At Mile 12 Market, you say, "Je voudrais cinq tomates et trois oignons."

Illustration:

   Number  +  Food  +  s'il vous plaît
   Trois      pommes    s'il vous plaît
    

Mini summary: Use numbers and food words at the market.

Lesson 9: Breakfast in France – Le petit-déjeuner en France

Definition: Breakfast in France is usually simple.

Why it is important: It helps you understand French culture.

Simple explanation: French breakfast often includes bread, butter, jam, and coffee or hot chocolate.

French	English
une baguette	a baguette (long bread)
du beurre	butter
de la confiture	jam
un croissant	a croissant
du café au lait	coffee with milk
du chocolat chaud	hot chocolate

Real-life example: In a French café, you order: "Un croissant et un café au lait, s’il vous plaît."

School example: You draw a French breakfast and label it in French.

Home example: You try a French breakfast at home: bread, butter, and jam.

Nigerian example: You compare French breakfast with Nigerian breakfast: bread and tea vs. bread and butter.

Illustration:

   French Breakfast
        |
   +----+----+----+
   |         |         |
 Baguette  Beurre  Confiture
   |         |         |
   +----+----+----+
        |
   Café au lait / Chocolat chaud
    

Mini summary: French breakfast is simple: bread, butter, jam, and a hot drink.

Lesson 10: Ordering drinks – Commander des boissons

Definition: Ordering drinks means asking for something to drink.

Why it is important: You need to stay hydrated.

Simple explanation: Use "Je voudrais" + drink + "s’il vous plaît."

Real-life example: "Je voudrais un thé, s’il vous plaît."

School example: In the pretend café, you order, "Un jus de pomme, s’il vous plaît."

Home example: You ask, "Je voudrais de l’eau, s’il te plaît."

Nigerian example: At a restaurant, you say, "Je voudrais un soda, s’il vous plaît."

Illustration:

   Je voudrais  +  [drink]  +  s'il vous plaît
   I would like     tea         please
    

Mini summary: Use "Je voudrais" for drinks. Always say "s’il vous plaît."

Lesson 11: Asking for the bill – L’addition, s’il vous plaît

Definition: The bill is the paper that tells you how much to pay.

Why it is important: You need to pay before you leave a restaurant.

Simple explanation: "L’addition" = the bill. "S’il vous plaît" = please.

Real-life example: After eating, you say, "L’addition, s’il vous plaît."

School example: In the café activity, you ask for the bill at the end.

Home example: You pretend to pay the bill at home.

Nigerian example: At a restaurant in Lagos, you say, "L’addition, s’il vous plaît."

Illustration:

   Finish eating  -->  "L'addition, s'il vous plaît."  -->  Pay  -->  Leave
    

Mini summary: Use "L’addition, s’il vous plaît" to ask for the bill.

Lesson 12: Food adjectives – Les adjectifs pour la nourriture

Definition: Adjectives describe food.

Why it is important: You can say if food is good, bad, hot, or cold.

Simple explanation: "Délicieux" = delicious. "Bon" = good. "Mauvais" = bad. "Chaud" = hot. "Froid" = cold. "Sucré" = sweet. "Salé" = salty.

French	English
délicieux	delicious
bon	good
mauvais	bad
chaud	hot
froid	cold
sucré	sweet
salé	salty

Real-life example: "Le gâteau est délicieux!" (The cake is delicious!)

School example: You describe the food in a picture: "La soupe est chaude."

Home example: "Le pain est bon." (The bread is good.)

Nigerian example: "Le riz et le poulet sont délicieux." (Rice and chicken are delicious.)

Illustration:

   Food  +  adjective
   Le gâteau  +  délicieux
   La soupe   +  chaude
    

Mini summary: Use adjectives to describe food. They make your French richer.

Lesson 13: A full café conversation – Une conversation complète au café

Definition: Now we put everything together.

Why it is important: You can have a full conversation in a French café.

Simple explanation: Here is a complete conversation.

   Waiter: Bonjour! Qu'est-ce que vous voulez?
   You:    Bonjour! Je voudrais un croissant et un chocolat chaud, s'il vous plaît.
   Waiter: Très bien. C'est tout?
   You:    Oui, c'est tout. C'est combien?
   Waiter: C'est huit euros.
   You:    Voici. Merci!
   Waiter: Merci! Au revoir!
   You:    Au revoir!
    

Real-life example: You use this in any French café.

School example: You perform this conversation with a partner.

Home example: You teach your family this conversation.

Nigerian example: You use this at a French café in Abuja or Lagos.

Illustration:

   Greeting -> Order -> Confirm -> Ask price -> Pay -> Thank -> Goodbye
    

Mini summary: Combine everything you learned to order food and drinks in French.

Key Vocabulary

French	English	Simple Definition
le pain	bread	A common food made from flour.
le fromage	cheese	Food made from milk.
la pomme	apple	A round fruit.
la banane	banana	A long yellow fruit.
le poulet	chicken	Meat from a chicken.
le poisson	fish	Animal that lives in water.
le riz	rice	Small white grains.
les légumes	vegetables	Plants we eat.
le gâteau	cake	A sweet food for celebrations.
l’eau	water	Clear liquid we drink.
le lait	milk	White drink from cows.
le jus d’orange	orange juice	Drink made from oranges.
le thé	tea	A hot drink.
le café	coffee	A hot drink.
le chocolat chaud	hot chocolate	A warm sweet drink.
J’aime	I like	Showing you enjoy something.
Je n’aime pas	I don’t like	Showing you don’t enjoy something.
Je voudrais	I would like	Polite way to ask.
C’est combien?	How much is it?	Asking the price.
L’addition	The bill	Paper showing what you owe.
le petit-déjeuner	breakfast	Morning meal.
le déjeuner	lunch	Midday meal.
le dîner	dinner	Evening meal.

Important Concepts

• Politeness: Always use "s’il vous plaît" and "merci" when ordering.
• "Je voudrais" vs "Je veux": "Je voudrais" is polite. "Je veux" is direct and can sound rude.
• Food genders: Some foods are masculine (le pain), some are feminine (la pomme). Learn them with their articles.
• Partitive articles: "du," "de la," "de l’" mean "some." "Je voudrais du pain" = I would like some bread.
• Meals: French meals are petit-déjeuner, déjeuner, goûter, and dîner.

Step-by-step Explanations

How to order food in a restaurant (step by step)

1. Say "Bonjour" when you enter.
2. Say "Je voudrais…" and name the food.
3. Add "s’il vous plaît."
4. When you finish, say "L’addition, s’il vous plaît."
5. Pay and say "Merci! Au revoir!"

Example:

   Bonjour! Je voudrais un sandwich, s'il vous plaît.
   ...
   L'addition, s'il vous plaît. Merci! Au revoir!
    

How to say what you like (step by step)

1. Say "J’aime" or "Je n’aime pas."
2. Add the food word with its article (le, la, les).

Example: "J’aime le chocolat." "Je n’aime pas le poisson."

Real-life Examples

• At a café: "Je voudrais un croissant et un café, s’il vous plaît."
• At home: "J’aime le riz, mais je n’aime pas les légumes."
• At the market: "C’est combien, les bananes?"
• At a restaurant: "L’addition, s’il vous plaît."

Nigerian Examples

• You describe Nigerian food in French: "J’aime le riz et le poulet."
• At a market in Lagos: "Je voudrais cinq tomates, s’il vous plaît."
• You tell a French friend: "Le petit-déjeuner au Nigeria est du pain et du thé."

Fun Examples Children Can Relate To

• You pretend to be a French chef: "Voici le gâteau délicieux!"
• You play restaurant with your friends, all in French.
• You make a French menu for your family dinner.

Everyday Examples

• Breakfast: "Je prends du pain et du lait."
• Lunch: "Je mange du riz et du poulet."
• Snack: "Je voudrais une pomme."
• Dinner: "Le dîner est délicieux!"

Parent Tips

• Ask your child to name foods in French at meal times.
• Practice ordering food in French at home.
• Make a French menu together.
• Visit a French restaurant or café if possible.
• Encourage your child to say "J’aime" and "Je n’aime pas" in French.

Interesting Facts

• The croissant is a famous French food. It is shaped like a crescent moon.
• In France, people often dip bread in coffee or hot chocolate at breakfast.
• "Le goûter" is a special afternoon snack for children in France.
• French meals can last a long time. Dinner with family can take two hours!

Did You Know?

• Did you know that "restaurant" is a French word that is used in English?
• Did you know that "café" means both "coffee" and "a place to drink coffee"?
• Did you know that in France, you can buy fresh bread every morning at a "boulangerie"?

Remember This

• Use "Je voudrais" to order politely.
• Use "J’aime" and "Je n’aime pas" for preferences.
• Ask "C’est combien?" for the price.
• Ask "L’addition, s’il vous plaît" for the bill.
• Always say "s’il vous plaît" and "merci."

Common Mistakes

• Saying "Je veux" instead of "Je voudrais." "Je veux" can sound rude.
• Forgetting "s’il vous plaît." Always be polite.
• Using "un" with feminine food words: "un pomme" is wrong. Say "une pomme."
• Saying "Je suis faim" instead of "J’ai faim." (I am hungry = J’ai faim.)
• Pronouncing "croissant" as "kwa-sant." It is "krwah-san."

Best Practices

• Practice ordering food in French at home.
• Learn food words with their articles (le, la, les).
• Use "Je voudrais" every time you ask for food.
• Make a French menu for your kitchen.
• Watch French cooking videos for children.

Illustrations and Diagrams

Food Groups in French

   FOOD
    |
    +-- Fruits: la pomme, la banane, l'orange
    |
    +-- Vegetables: les légumes, les tomates, les oignons
    |
    +-- Meat: le poulet, le poisson
    |
    +-- Grains: le pain, le riz
    |
    +-- Sweets: le gâteau, le chocolat
    

Ordering Flowchart

   Enter café
        |
        V
   "Bonjour!"
        |
        V
   "Je voudrais [food/drink], s'il vous plaît."
        |
        V
   Eat / Drink
        |
        V
   "L'addition, s'il vous plaît."
        |
        V
   Pay + "Merci! Au revoir!"
    

Comparison Table: English vs French Food Phrases

English	French
I would like a coffee.	Je voudrais un café.
I like bread.	J’aime le pain.
I don’t like fish.	Je n’aime pas le poisson.
How much is it?	C’est combien?
The bill, please.	L’addition, s’il vous plaît.

Meal Timeline

   7:00   petit-déjeuner (breakfast)
   12:00  déjeuner (lunch)
   16:00  goûter (snack)
   19:00  dîner (dinner)
    

Lesson Summaries

• Lesson 1: Common foods: le pain, le fromage, la pomme, le poulet, le riz, le gâteau.
• Lesson 2: Common drinks: l’eau, le lait, le jus d’orange, le thé, le café, le chocolat chaud.
• Lesson 3: "J’aime" = I like. "Je n’aime pas" = I don’t like.
• Lesson 4: "Je voudrais" = I would like. Use it to order politely.
• Lesson 5: "C’est combien?" = How much is it?
• Lesson 6: At the restaurant: order, eat, ask for bill, pay.
• Lesson 7: Meals: petit-déjeuner, déjeuner, goûter, dîner.
• Lesson 8: At the market: use numbers and food words.
• Lesson 9: French breakfast: baguette, beurre, confiture, café au lait.
• Lesson 10: Ordering drinks: "Je voudrais un thé."
• Lesson 11: "L’addition, s’il vous plaît" = The bill, please.
• Lesson 12: Food adjectives: délicieux, bon, chaud, froid, sucré, salé.
• Lesson 13: A full café conversation.

End-of-Module Summary

In Module Five, you learned the names of common foods and drinks in French. You learned how to say what you like and don’t like. You learned how to order food politely using "Je voudrais." You learned how to ask for the price and the bill. You also learned about French meals and breakfast. Keep practicing every day. Félicitations! You are becoming a French language expert.

Frequently Asked Questions (10 questions)

1. Q: How do I say "I would like a sandwich"?
   A: "Je voudrais un sandwich."
2. Q: How do I say "I like chocolate"?
   A: "J’aime le chocolat."
3. Q: How do I say "I don’t like fish"?
   A: "Je n’aime pas le poisson."
4. Q: How do I ask "How much is it?"
   A: "C’est combien?"
5. Q: How do I ask for the bill?
   A: "L’addition, s’il vous plaît."
6. Q: What is "le petit-déjeuner"?
   A: Breakfast.
7. Q: What is "le dîner"?
   A: Dinner.
8. Q: What does "délicieux" mean?
   A: Delicious.
9. Q: How do I say "water" in French?
   A: "L’eau."
10. Q: How do I say "I am hungry"?
    A: "J’ai faim."

Matching Exercises

Match the French word with its English meaning.

French	English
1. le pain	A. water
2. l’eau	B. I would like
3. Je voudrais	C. bread
4. C’est combien?	D. The bill
5. L’addition	E. How much is it?

Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D.

Scenario-based Exercises

1. You are in a café. Order a croissant and a hot chocolate.
   Answer: Je voudrais un croissant et un chocolat chaud, s’il vous plaît.
2. You want to know the price of a cake. Ask.
   Answer: C’est combien, le gâteau?
3. You finished eating. Ask for the bill.
   Answer: L’addition, s’il vous plaît.
4. You like rice but not vegetables. Say it.
   Answer: J’aime le riz, mais je n’aime pas les légumes.
5. You want to buy three apples at the market. Say it.
   Answer: Je voudrais trois pommes, s’il vous plaît.

Group Activity

Activity: French Café Role-Play

Divide the class into groups of three: one waiter and two customers. The waiter takes orders in French. The customers order food and drinks, ask for the price, and ask for the bill. After five minutes, switch roles. The group with the best French pronunciation wins.

Individual Activity

Activity: My French Menu

Create a menu for a French restaurant. Include at least five foods and five drinks. Write the name of each item in French and English. Add prices in euros. Decorate the menu with French colours. Present it to the class.

Mini Project

Make a French Food Poster

Create a poster showing your favourite French foods and drinks. Draw pictures and label them in French. Write sentences like "J’aime le fromage" or "Je n’aime pas le poisson." Display it in your classroom or at home.

Practical Assignment

For one week, try to use French food words at home. For example:

• Ask for food in French: "Je voudrais du pain, s’il te plaît."
• Say what you like: "J’aime le riz."
• Say what you don’t like: "Je n’aime pas les oignons."
• Name your drinks in French: "Je bois de l’eau."

Write down what you said each day and how your family reacted.

Key Takeaways

• Food words: le pain, le fromage, la pomme, le poulet, le riz.
• Drink words: l’eau, le lait, le jus d’orange, le thé.
• "J’aime" = I like. "Je n’aime pas" = I don’t like.
• "Je voudrais" = I would like. Use it to order.
• "C’est combien?" = How much is it?
• "L’addition, s’il vous plaît" = The bill, please.
• Meals: petit-déjeuner, déjeuner, goûter, dîner.

Classroom Discussion Questions

1. What is your favourite food? How do you say it in French?
2. How is a French breakfast different from a Nigerian breakfast?
3. Why is it important to say "s’il vous plaît" when ordering?
4. What would you order in a French café?
5. How do you say "I am hungry" and "I am thirsty" in French?

Preparation for Module Six

In Module Six, we will learn about clothes, colours, and shopping for clothes. To prepare, think about your favourite clothes and their colours. Try to learn the names of colours in French: rouge (red), bleu (blue), vert (green), jaune (yellow). Also, bring a picture of your favourite outfit to the next class. You will learn how to describe what you are wearing in French. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

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End of Module Five

Félicitations! (Congratulations!) You have completed Module Five. You can now talk about food and drinks, order in a restaurant, and say what you like and don’t like in French. Keep practicing, and you will become a French language expert. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

Module Six: Clothes, Colours, and Shopping in French

For beginners – ages 10 and up. Let’s learn French together!

Module Introduction

Welcome to Module Six! In Module One, you learned French sounds. In Module Two, you learned greetings. In Module Three, you learned numbers and family. In Module Four, you learned days, months, dates, and time. In Module Five, you learned food and drinks. Now it is time to learn about something you use every day: clothes and colours!

Clothes keep us warm and help us look nice. Colours make the world beautiful. In this module, you will learn the names of common clothes in French. You will learn the names of colours. You will learn how to describe what you are wearing. You will also learn how to shop for clothes and ask for your size.

Imagine you are in a French shop in Paris. You see a beautiful blue shirt. You want to buy it. In French, you would say, "Je voudrais une chemise bleue, s’il vous plaît." By the end of this module, you will know how to do that and much more.

This module is full of colourful examples, stories, and activities. Take your time. Practice out loud. Ask questions. Let’s begin!

Learning Objectives

After working through this module, you will be able to:

• Name common clothes in French.
• Name common colours in French.
• Describe what you are wearing using colours.
• Ask for your size in a shop.
• Say what you like and don’t like to wear.
• Shop for clothes in French.
• Talk about prices and pay for clothes.
• Understand simple conversations about clothes and colours.

Warm-up Story: Chidi’s Colourful Day

Chidi was a 13-year-old boy from Port Harcourt, Nigeria. He loved bright colours. His favourite colour was green, the colour of the Nigerian flag. One day, his French teacher, Madame Adaeze, announced a special event: a French fashion show! Students would wear their favourite clothes and describe them in French.

Chidi was excited but nervous. He knew how to say "Bonjour" and "Merci," but he did not know how to say "green shirt" or "blue trousers" in French. He asked Madame Adaeze for help. She smiled and said, "Don’t worry, Chidi. We will learn everything you need in Module Six."

Over the next two weeks, Chidi learned the names of clothes: la chemise (shirt), le pantalon (trousers), la robe (dress), les chaussures (shoes). He learned colours: rouge (red), bleu (blue), vert (green), jaune (yellow), noir (black), blanc (white). He learned how to say "Je porte…" (I am wearing…).

On the day of the fashion show, Chidi walked on the stage and said, "Bonjour! Je porte une chemise verte, un pantalon bleu, et des chaussures noires." Everyone clapped. He felt so proud. You can do the same. Let’s learn how!

Main Lessons

Lesson 1: Common Clothes – Les vêtements courants

Definition: Clothes are things we wear on our bodies. In French, clothes are called "les vêtements."

Why it is important: You need clothes words to talk about what you wear every day.

Simple explanation: Let’s learn the names of common clothes.

French	English	Pronunciation
la chemise	shirt	lah shuh-meez
le pantalon	trousers	luh pan-tah-lon
la robe	dress	lah rob
la jupe	skirt	lah zhoop
le manteau	coat	luh man-toh
le pull	sweater	luh pool
les chaussures	shoes	lay shoh-soor
les chaussettes	socks	lay shoh-set
le chapeau	hat	luh shah-poh
les lunettes	glasses	lay loo-net
le short	shorts	luh short
la cravate	tie	lah krah-vat

Real-life example: You get dressed in the morning. You say, "Je porte une chemise et un pantalon." (I am wearing a shirt and trousers.)

School example: Your teacher shows pictures of clothes. You name them in French.

Home example: Your mum asks what you want to wear. You say, "Je voudrais la robe rouge."

Nigerian example: You describe your traditional outfit: "Je porte un boubou et des chaussures." (I am wearing a boubou and shoes.)

Illustration:

   CLOTHES
    |
    +-- la chemise (shirt)
    +-- le pantalon (trousers)
    +-- la robe (dress)
    +-- les chaussures (shoes)
    +-- le chapeau (hat)
    

Mini summary: Learn these clothes words. Practice naming what you wear each day.

Lesson 2: Common Colours – Les couleurs courantes

Definition: Colours are what we see when light hits objects. In French, colours are called "les couleurs."

Why it is important: You need colours to describe clothes and other things.

Simple explanation: Let’s learn the most common colours.

French	English	Pronunciation
rouge	red	roozh
bleu	blue	bluh
vert	green	vair
jaune	yellow	zhone
noir	black	nwahr
blanc	white	blahn
orange	orange	oh-ranzh
violet	purple	vee-oh-lay
rose	pink	rohz
marron	brown	mah-ron
gris	grey	gree

Real-life example: You see a red car. You say, "La voiture est rouge."

School example: Your teacher asks the colour of the sky. You say, "Le ciel est bleu."

Home example: You describe your room: "Les murs sont blancs." (The walls are white.)

Nigerian example: You describe the Nigerian flag: "Le drapeau est vert, blanc, et vert."

Illustration:

   COLOURS
    |
    +-- rouge (red)
    +-- bleu (blue)
    +-- vert (green)
    +-- jaune (yellow)
    +-- noir (black)
    +-- blanc (white)
    

Mini summary: Learn these colours. Practice naming the colours around you.

Lesson 3: Describing clothes with colours – Décrire les vêtements avec les couleurs

Definition: You can put a colour word after a clothes word to describe it.

Why it is important: It makes your French more interesting and clear.

Simple explanation: In French, the colour usually comes after the noun. Also, the colour must match the gender of the noun.

English	French
a red shirt	une chemise rouge
blue trousers	un pantalon bleu
a green dress	une robe verte
black shoes	des chaussures noires
a white hat	un chapeau blanc
yellow socks	des chaussettes jaunes

Real-life example: You describe your friend: "Elle porte une jupe rose." (She is wearing a pink skirt.)

School example: You describe the clothes in a picture: "Le pantalon est noir."

Home example: You ask your mum: "Où est ma chemise bleue?"

Nigerian example: You describe your outfit for a party: "Je porte une robe verte et des chaussures jaunes."

Illustration:

   Noun + Colour
   une chemise + rouge = une chemise rouge
   un pantalon + bleu = un pantalon bleu
    

Mini summary: Put the colour after the clothes word. Make the colour match the gender.

Lesson 4: What are you wearing? – Qu’est-ce que tu portes?

Definition: "Qu’est-ce que tu portes?" means "What are you wearing?"

Why it is important: You need to ask and answer this question.

Simple explanation: "Qu’est-ce que" = what. "Tu portes" = you wear.

Real-life example: You call a friend. You ask, "Qu’est-ce que tu portes aujourd’hui?"

School example: Your teacher asks, "Qu’est-ce que tu portes?" You answer, "Je porte un uniforme."

Home example: Your mum asks what you want to wear. You say, "Je porte un pull et un pantalon."

Nigerian example: You meet a friend at a party. You ask, "Qu’est-ce que tu portes?" She says, "Je porte une belle robe."

Illustration:

   You: "Qu'est-ce que tu portes?"
        |
        V
   Friend: "Je porte une chemise et un pantalon."
    

Mini summary: Use "Qu’est-ce que tu portes?" to ask what someone is wearing. Answer with "Je porte…"

Lesson 5: I am wearing… – Je porte…

Definition: "Je porte" means "I am wearing" or "I wear."

Why it is important: It is the most useful phrase for describing clothes.

Simple explanation: "Je porte" + clothes item. You can add a colour after the clothes item.

English	French
I am wearing a shirt.	Je porte une chemise.
I am wearing trousers.	Je porte un pantalon.
I am wearing a dress.	Je porte une robe.
I am wearing shoes.	Je porte des chaussures.
I am wearing a blue shirt.	Je porte une chemise bleue.

Real-life example: You describe your outfit: "Je porte un jean et un t-shirt."

School example: You describe your school uniform: "Je porte une chemise blanche et un pantalon noir."

Home example: You say, "Je porte un pull chaud." (I am wearing a warm sweater.)

Nigerian example: You describe your traditional wear: "Je porte un agbada et des chaussures."

Illustration:

   Je porte + [clothes] + [colour]
   Je porte   une chemise   bleue
    

Mini summary: Use "Je porte" to say what you are wearing. Add colours for detail.

Lesson 6: This is… – C’est…

Definition: "C’est" means "This is" or "It is."

Why it is important: You can point to clothes and describe them.

Simple explanation: "C’est" + clothes item. Use "Ce sont" for plural.

Real-life example: You point to a dress. "C’est une robe."

School example: You describe a picture: "C’est un chapeau."

Home example: You show your new shoes: "C’est des chaussures." (Use "Ce sont" for plural.)

Nigerian example: You show a gift: "C’est une chemise pour mon père."

Illustration:

   C'est + [singular clothes]
   Ce sont + [plural clothes]
    

Mini summary: Use "C’est" for one item. Use "Ce sont" for more than one.

Lesson 7: Do you like this? – Tu aimes ça?

Definition: "Tu aimes ça?" means "Do you like this?"

Why it is important: You can ask someone’s opinion about clothes.

Simple explanation: "Tu aimes" = you like. "Ça" = this/that.

Real-life example: You show a shirt to your friend. "Tu aimes ça?"

School example: Your friend shows a drawing of a dress. You ask, "Tu aimes ça?"

Home example: You ask your sister, "Tu aimes ma nouvelle robe?"

Nigerian example: You ask your friend, "Tu aimes ce boubou?" (Do you like this boubou?)

Illustration:

   You: "Tu aimes ça?"
        |
        V
   Friend: "Oui, j'aime beaucoup!"
    

Mini summary: Use "Tu aimes ça?" to ask if someone likes something. Answer "Oui" or "Non."

Lesson 8: I like it / I don’t like it – J’aime / Je n’aime pas

Definition: "J’aime" means "I like." "Je n’aime pas" means "I don’t like."

Why it is important: You need to say if you like clothes.

Simple explanation: Same as Module Five, but now for clothes.

Real-life example: "J’aime cette chemise." (I like this shirt.)

School example: You describe your preferences: "J’aime les couleurs vives."

Home example: You say, "Je n’aime pas ce pantalon."

Nigerian example: "J’aime les vêtements traditionnels." (I like traditional clothes.)

Illustration:

   J'aime        -->  (happy face)  -->  clothes you like
   Je n'aime pas -->  (sad face)    -->  clothes you don't like
    

Mini summary: Use "J’aime" and "Je n’aime pas" for clothes too.

Lesson 9: What size? – Quelle taille?

Definition: "Quelle taille?" means "What size?"

Why it is important: You need to ask for your size in a shop.

Simple explanation: "Taille" = size. You can answer with small, medium, or large.

English	French
small	petit
medium	moyen
large	grand
extra large	très grand

Real-life example: You are in a shop. You ask, "Avez-vous une chemise en taille moyen?"

School example: You practice asking for sizes in French class.

Home example: You tell your mum, "Je fais du trente-huit." (I am size 38.)

Nigerian example: You ask at a boutique: "Avez-vous cette robe en taille petit?"

Illustration:

   Quelle taille?
        |
   +----+----+----+
   |         |         |
 petit    moyen     grand
 (small)  (medium)  (large)
    

Mini summary: Use "Quelle taille?" to ask for size. Answer with petit, moyen, or grand.

Lesson 10: At the clothes shop – Au magasin de vêtements

Definition: A clothes shop is a place where you buy clothes.

Why it is important: You need to know how to shop for clothes.

Simple explanation: Here is a simple conversation in a clothes shop.

   Seller: Bonjour! Je peux vous aider?
   You:    Bonjour! Je cherche une chemise bleue.
   Seller: Quelle taille?
   You:    Taille moyen, s'il vous plaît.
   Seller: Voici une chemise bleue en taille moyen.
   You:    C'est combien?
   Seller: C'est vingt euros.
   You:    Je la prends. Merci!
   Seller: Merci! Au revoir!
    

Real-life example: You are in a French shop. You use this conversation.

School example: You practice this conversation with a partner.

Home example: You pretend to shop for clothes at home.

Nigerian example: You use this conversation at a boutique in Lagos.

Illustration:

   Enter shop  -->  Ask for item  -->  Ask size  -->  Try  -->  Ask price  -->  Buy  -->  Leave
    

Mini summary: Use "Je cherche," "Quelle taille?" and "C’est combien?" in a clothes shop.

Lesson 11: This is too big / too small – C’est trop grand / trop petit

Definition: "Trop grand" = too big. "Trop petit" = too small.

Why it is important: You need to say if clothes don’t fit.

Simple explanation: "Trop" = too. "Grand" = big. "Petit" = small.

Real-life example: You try on a shirt. You say, "C’est trop petit."

School example: In the pretend shop, you say, "C’est trop grand."

Home example: You try on your brother’s shoes. "C’est trop grand!"

Nigerian example: At a market, you try a dress. "C’est trop petit, s’il vous plaît."

Illustration:

   Try on clothes
        |
   +----+----+
   |         |
 Trop grand  Trop petit
 (too big)   (too small)
    

Mini summary: Use "C’est trop grand" or "C’est trop petit" when clothes don’t fit.

Lesson 12: Colours that change – Les couleurs qui changent

Definition: Some colours change their form depending on the gender and number of the noun.

Why it is important: You need to match the colour to the noun.

Simple explanation: Most colours add an "e" for feminine and an "s" for plural. Some colours never change.

Colour	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine plural	Feminine plural
red	rouge	rouge	rouges	rouges
blue	bleu	bleue	bleus	bleues
green	vert	verte	verts	vertes
black	noir	noire	noirs	noires
white	blanc	blanche	blancs	blanches
yellow	jaune	jaune	jaunes	jaunes

Real-life example: "Une chemise bleue" (feminine). "Un pantalon bleu" (masculine).

School example: You describe: "Une robe verte" (feminine). "Un manteau vert" (masculine).

Home example: "Des chaussettes noires" (feminine plural). "Des chapeaux noirs" (masculine plural).

Nigerian example: "Un boubou blanc" (masculine). "Une jupe blanche" (feminine).

Illustration:

   Masculine:  un pantalon bleu
   Feminine:   une chemise bleue
   Plural:     des chaussures bleues
    

Mini summary: Most colours change for feminine and plural. Learn them with the noun.

Lesson 13: A full shopping conversation – Une conversation complète de shopping

Definition: Now we put everything together.

Why it is important: You can have a full conversation in a French clothes shop.

Simple explanation: Here is a complete conversation.

   Seller: Bonjour! Je peux vous aider?
   You:    Bonjour! Je cherche une robe rouge.
   Seller: Quelle taille?
   You:    Taille petit, s'il vous plaît.
   Seller: Voici une robe rouge en taille petit.
   You:    C'est combien?
   Seller: C'est trente euros.
   You:    Je la prends. Merci!
   Seller: Merci! Au revoir!
    

Real-life example: You use this in any French clothes shop.

School example: You perform this conversation with a partner.

Home example: You teach your family this conversation.

Nigerian example: You use this at a French boutique in Abuja or Lagos.

Illustration:

   Greeting -> Ask for item -> Ask size -> Try -> Ask price -> Buy -> Thank -> Goodbye
    

Mini summary: Combine everything you learned to shop for clothes in French.

Key Vocabulary

French	English	Simple Definition
la chemise	shirt	Clothing for the upper body.
le pantalon	trousers	Clothing for the legs.
la robe	dress	One-piece clothing for girls/women.
la jupe	skirt	Clothing for the lower body.
le manteau	coat	Warm clothing for cold weather.
les chaussures	shoes	Clothing for the feet.
les chaussettes	socks	Soft clothing for the feet.
le chapeau	hat	Clothing for the head.
les lunettes	glasses	For seeing better.
rouge	red	Colour of fire.
bleu	blue	Colour of the sky.
vert	green	Colour of grass.
jaune	yellow	Colour of the sun.
noir	black	Colour of night.
blanc	white	Colour of milk.
Je porte	I am wearing	Describing your clothes.
Qu’est-ce que tu portes?	What are you wearing?	Asking about clothes.
Quelle taille?	What size?	Asking for size.
C’est combien?	How much is it?	Asking the price.
trop grand	too big	Clothes that are too large.
trop petit	too small	Clothes that are too small.

Important Concepts

• Colour after noun: In French, colours usually come after the noun. "Une chemise bleue."
• Colour agreement: Colours must match the gender and number of the noun. "Un pantalon vert" (masculine). "Une robe verte" (feminine).
• "Je porte" vs "Je mets": "Je porte" means "I am wearing." "Je mets" means "I put on."
• Sizes: "Petit" = small. "Moyen" = medium. "Grand" = large.
• Politeness: Always say "s’il vous plaît" and "merci" when shopping.

Step-by-step Explanations

How to describe your clothes (step by step)

1. Say "Je porte."
2. Say the clothes item with its article (un, une, des).
3. Add the colour after the noun.
4. Make the colour agree with the noun.

Example: "Je porte une chemise bleue."

How to shop for clothes (step by step)

1. Say "Bonjour."
2. Say "Je cherche…" and name the item.
3. When asked "Quelle taille?", give your size.
4. Ask "C’est combien?" for the price.
5. Say "Je la prends" (I’ll take it) and "Merci."

Example:

   Bonjour! Je cherche une robe rouge.
   Quelle taille? Taille moyen.
   C'est combien? Vingt euros.
   Je la prends. Merci!
    

Real-life Examples

• At home: "Je porte un t-shirt et un short."
• At school: "Je porte un uniforme."
• At a shop: "Je cherche une chemise bleue."
• At a party: "Elle porte une belle robe rouge."

Nigerian Examples

• You describe your traditional outfit: "Je porte un agbada blanc et des chaussures marron."
• You describe the Nigerian flag: "Le drapeau est vert, blanc, et vert."
• You shop at a boutique in Lagos: "Je cherche une robe verte en taille moyen."

Fun Examples Children Can Relate To

• You play fashion show with your friends, describing clothes in French.
• You colour a picture and label the colours in French.
• You make a paper doll and dress it in French clothes.

Everyday Examples

• Morning: "Je porte une chemise blanche."
• Afternoon: "Je porte un pantalon bleu."
• Evening: "Je porte un pull chaud."
• Shopping: "C’est combien, cette jupe?"

Parent Tips

• Ask your child to name their clothes in French each morning.
• Practice colours in French during everyday activities.
• Make a French fashion show at home.
• Visit a shop and practice asking for sizes in French.
• Encourage your child to describe what family members are wearing.

Interesting Facts

• The French word for "shoe" is "chaussure." It comes from the Latin word "calceus."
• In France, school children do not wear uniforms in most public schools.
• French fashion is famous all over the world. Paris is called the "fashion capital."
• Many French colour words come from Latin: "rouge" from "ruber," "vert" from "viridis."

Did You Know?

• Did you know that "bleu" is used in French to describe a very rare steak? "Bleu" means the meat is barely cooked.
• Did you know that "rose" is used for the colour pink, but "une rose" is also a flower?
• Did you know that "marron" means brown, but it also means "chestnut"?

Remember This

• Use "Je porte" to describe clothes.
• Colours come after the noun.
• Colours must agree with the noun.
• Use "Je cherche" to look for something in a shop.
• Ask "Quelle taille?" for size.
• Ask "C’est combien?" for price.

Common Mistakes

• Putting the colour before the noun: "une bleue chemise" is wrong. Say "une chemise bleue."
• Forgetting colour agreement: "une chemise bleu" is wrong. Say "une chemise bleue."
• Saying "Je suis porter" instead of "Je porte."
• Using "grand" for large size when "grand" also means "tall." Use "taille grand" for size.
• Pronouncing "chaussures" as "chow-shoo-res." It is "shoh-soor."

Best Practices

• Describe your clothes in French every morning.
• Practice colour agreement with different nouns.
• Make a French clothes chart with pictures and labels.
• Practice shopping conversations with a friend.
• Watch French fashion videos for children.

Illustrations and Diagrams

Clothes and Colours Diagram

   CLOTHES + COLOURS
        |
   +----+----+----+
   |         |         |
 Chemise   Pantalon   Robe
 (bleue)   (noir)    (rouge)
    

Shopping Flowchart

   Enter shop
        |
        V
   "Bonjour! Je cherche [item]."
        |
        V
   "Quelle taille?"
        |
        V
   Try on
        |
        V
   "C'est combien?"
        |
        V
   "Je la prends. Merci!"
        |
        V
   "Au revoir!"
    

Comparison Table: English vs French Colour Placement

English	French	Word order
a red shirt	une chemise rouge	noun + colour
blue trousers	un pantalon bleu	noun + colour
a green dress	une robe verte	noun + colour
black shoes	des chaussures noires	noun + colour

Colour Agreement Table

Colour	Masculine singular	Feminine singular	Masculine plural	Feminine plural
red	rouge	rouge	rouges	rouges
blue	bleu	bleue	bleus	bleues
green	vert	verte	verts	vertes
black	noir	noire	noirs	noires
white	blanc	blanche	blancs	blanches

Lesson Summaries

• Lesson 1: Common clothes: la chemise, le pantalon, la robe, les chaussures, le chapeau.
• Lesson 2: Common colours: rouge, bleu, vert, jaune, noir, blanc.
• Lesson 3: Describing clothes with colours: "une chemise rouge," "un pantalon bleu."
• Lesson 4: "Qu’est-ce que tu portes?" = What are you wearing?
• Lesson 5: "Je porte…" = I am wearing…
• Lesson 6: "C’est…" = This is… Use "Ce sont" for plural.
• Lesson 7: "Tu aimes ça?" = Do you like this?
• Lesson 8: "J’aime" and "Je n’aime pas" for clothes.
• Lesson 9: "Quelle taille?" = What size? petit, moyen, grand.
• Lesson 10: At the clothes shop: full conversation.
• Lesson 11: "C’est trop grand / trop petit" = It’s too big / too small.
• Lesson 12: Colours change for gender and number.
• Lesson 13: A full shopping conversation.

End-of-Module Summary

In Module Six, you learned the names of common clothes and colours in French. You learned how to describe what you are wearing using "Je porte." You learned how to ask for sizes and prices in a shop. You learned how colours agree with the gender and number of nouns. You also learned how to have a full conversation in a French clothes shop. Keep practicing every day. Félicitations! You are becoming a French language expert.

Frequently Asked Questions (10 questions)

1. Q: How do I say "I am wearing a blue shirt"?
   A: "Je porte une chemise bleue."
2. Q: Where does the colour go in French?
   A: After the noun. "Une robe rouge."
3. Q: How do I ask "What size?"
   A: "Quelle taille?"
4. Q: How do I say "too small"?
   A: "Trop petit."
5. Q: How do I ask "How much is it?"
   A: "C’est combien?"
6. Q: How do I say "I am looking for a dress"?
   A: "Je cherche une robe."
7. Q: What is "les chaussures"?
   A: Shoes.
8. Q: What is "vert" in English?
   A: Green.
9. Q: Do colours change in French?
   A: Yes, most colours change for feminine and plural.
10. Q: How do I say "I like this shirt"?
    A: "J’aime cette chemise."

Matching Exercises

Match the French word with its English meaning.

French	English
1. la chemise	A. shoes
2. les chaussures	B. red
3. rouge	C. shirt
4. Quelle taille?	D. I am wearing
5. Je porte	E. What size?

Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D.

Scenario-based Exercises

1. You are wearing a green shirt and black trousers. Describe your outfit.
   Answer: Je porte une chemise verte et un pantalon noir.
2. You are in a shop. Ask for a blue dress.
   Answer: Je cherche une robe bleue.
3. The shopkeeper asks your size. You are medium. Answer.
   Answer: Taille moyen, s’il vous plaît.
4. The shoes are too small. Say it.
   Answer: C’est trop petit.
5. Ask the price of a hat.
   Answer: C’est combien, le chapeau?

Group Activity

Activity: French Fashion Show

Divide the class into groups. Each group creates a fashion show. One person is the announcer. Others walk like models. The announcer describes each outfit in French: "Elle porte une robe rouge et des chaussures noires." The group with the most creative descriptions wins.

Individual Activity

Activity: My Wardrobe in French

Draw five items of clothing from your wardrobe. Label each one in French with its colour. Write a sentence for each: "Je porte une chemise blanche." Present your drawings to the class.

Mini Project

Make a French Fashion Catalogue

Create a small catalogue with pictures of clothes. Label each item in French with its colour and price. Write sentences like "Une robe rouge, 20 euros." Decorate the cover with "La Mode Française." Display it in your classroom or at home.

Practical Assignment

For one week, try to describe your clothes in French every morning. For example:

• Monday: "Je porte une chemise bleue et un pantalon noir."
• Tuesday: "Je porte un t-shirt rouge et un short bleu."
• Wednesday: "Je porte une robe jaune."

Write down what you wore each day and practice saying it out loud.

Key Takeaways

• Clothes: la chemise, le pantalon, la robe, les chaussures.
• Colours: rouge, bleu, vert, jaune, noir, blanc.
• "Je porte" = I am wearing.
• Colours come after the noun and must agree.
• "Quelle taille?" = What size?
• "C’est combien?" = How much is it?
• "Je cherche…" = I am looking for…

Classroom Discussion Questions

1. What is your favourite colour? How do you say it in French?
2. What are you wearing today? Describe it in French.
3. Why do colours change in French?
4. How is shopping for clothes in France different from Nigeria?
5. What clothes do you wear for special occasions? Describe them in French.

Preparation for Module Seven

In Module Seven, we will learn about the body, health, and going to the doctor. To prepare, think about the parts of your body and how to say them in French: la tête (head), les yeux (eyes), la main (hand), le pied (foot). Also, think about how you say "I have a headache" or "I don’t feel well." Bring a picture of a body to the next class. You will learn how to talk about health in French. À bientôt! (See you soon!)

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End of Module Six

Félicitations! (Congratulations!) You have completed Module Six. You can now talk about clothes and colours, describe what you are wearing, and shop for clothes in French. Keep practicing, and you will become a French language expert. À bientôt! (See you soon!)