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What are Google Search Operators?

Google Search Operators (also called Google Advanced Search Operators) are special commands that can be used to narrow down the search results in the desired way. They have many practical uses in SEO.
(Keep in mind that many of the operators discussed here can also be used with Bing and Yahoo too.)
To make the list easier to digest, we’ve divided the operators into two groups:

• Basic search operators – essential Google search operators everyone should know
• Advanced search operators – more advanced operators that can be useful in certain situations

Basic search operators

Here are the 6 most commonly used search operators used to modify the search queries:

site:

The site: operator is one of the most useful ones. It limits the results to a specific domain name.

One of the most common uses is to find out how many web pages are indexed for a particular site (at least a rough idea) like so:

Just make sure you’re not putting a space between the command and domain. ‘site: healthline.com’ is wrong while ‘site:healthline.com’ is correct.

” ” (quotation marks)

When you use quotes to search for something, you’re limiting the result to exact phrases only. Google will return web pages that either have the exact phrase in their title, description or body copy.
It is the quickest way to find instances where your content has been duplicated.
Simply copy a paragraph from your article and paste it within quotations.
Here’s an example:

Now, there are a couple of things you can do if someone copies your content on the web. As your website grows, it will happen sooner or later.
Our advice would be to think about whether the site that copied you is a competition for you in any way. If not, there are better ways to spend your time than filing a DMCA complaint against some nobody’s crappy blog 🙂

OR (|) directive

This operator is useful when your search doesn’t have to be too specific but you want to control the variation of your results. Using capital letters, type ‘OR’ in between your two keywords like this: keyword1 OR keyword2
It’s worth pointing out that Google will only use the words directly before and after the command. But you can combine this command with quotations.

Let’s say you want to find whether HubSpot covers the topic of email deliverability or email delivery. You’ll use the site: command followed by the topic “email deliverability” OR “email delivery”.

( ) (group)

This operator is very useful if you need to combine more operators. It allows you to group certain parts of the search query to create logical hierarchies.
Here’s an example:
Let’s say we want to find a way to contact a prospect through social media.
We can enter the name of the prospect (Doug Cunnington) and use the OR directive for Facebook, Twitter and Linkedin and group it together with the round brackets.

– (exclude)

The – or short dash operator will exclude words from your search result. For example, entering a query like “keyword research” -tools would return results about ‘keyword research’ but exclude any info it deems relevant to ‘keyword research tools’.

You can also exclude multiple words, exact match phrases or whole operator strings.

For example, it can be used when looking for internal link opportunities. All you need to do is to include the phrase and your domain but exclude the exact page you want to create internal links for.
Let’s say we want to add some internal links for our Keyword research guide. The  combo would look like this:

* (wild card)

The asterisk character can be used as a wild card to match any word or phrase.

It has numerous uses.
You can look for the variations of a longer search phrase (like the example above), you can use it to check the correct usage of a certain word in a phrase or you can combine it with other operators.
For example, if you want to find all the subdomains of a certain domain, you can use: site:*.domain.com -www

Advanced search operators

Now let’s take a look at some advanced Google Search Operators that can be useful for search engine optimization.
Please note that this is not a complete list of all the search operators. Instead, we selected the operators that are widely used, reliable and useful for everyday SEO tasks.

related:

Sometimes you’ll need to identify similar sites to reach out to. This is when the related: search operator comes in play. For instance, related:chicvegan.com will bring up similar sites to that domain.

This is also fantastic for niche research because you can gauge the competitive landscape before launching a new site.

intitle: / allintitle:

Ever wanted to find a specific piece of content with its title?
Allintitle: only returns results that contain every word in the title.
Intitle: works the same way except it only looks for the word directly following the command.

Keyword Golden Ratio

The allintitle: search operator is an important part of the so-called Keyword Golden Ratio technique.
It is an advanced technique for new websites that focuses on finding ultra long-tail keywords with little to no competition. It uses allintitle: operator to find the number of pages that target a specific long-tail keyword and use it in the Keyword Golden ratio formula:

inurl: / allinurl:

Similar to the previous operators, these directives allow you to search within the URL of a web page for your keywords.
For example, allinurl:marketing strategies would bring results that contain ‘marketing’ and ‘strategies’ within their URL:

intext: / allintext:

Allintext: will return web pages that specifically contain the searched words in the body text. It won’t always return exact match phrases though. Instead, what it looks for is instances where each word appears but in no specific order.
The intext: directive works the same way but unlike the allintext: command, not every page returned will contain all the words that make up your keyword.
This is very useful when you’re looking for articles or performing competitor research such as getting insights on specific on-page footprints.
Let’s say we would want to look for Quora pages that mention our competitors Long Tail Pro and Serpstat. Here’s what it would look like:

filetype:

When you need to find specific kinds of files, this command is your best bet! It speeds up time for things like infographic or PDF research. However, it’s best used when combined with other operators.
Here’s a quick example:

cache:

The cache: command pulls up the last cached or downloaded copy of any web page. It’s a useful way of knowing when a page was last crawled.
Simply enter something like cache:thewebsite.com and you’re good to go. You can enter the exact URL as well to show the last cached version of a specific page.

AROUND(x)

The AROUND (x) will serve you if you need to find content where two terms are placed closed to each other.

There may not be many real-life use cases but it can be useful in certain specific situations, so it’s good to know about it.
Do you have a favourite Google advanced search operator that we didn’t list here? If so, don’t hesitate to share it with other readers.