Category: CYBER SECURITY

Simply having a wired or wireless physical connection between end devices is not enough to enable communication. For communication to occur, devices must know “how” to communicate. Communication, whether face-to-face…

Knowing the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP protocol model will come in handy when you learn about how data is encapsulated as it moves across a network. It is…

In my previous article, I have talked much about how data travels across the network. In this article, I want to talk more about MAC addresses and IP Addresses. Follow…

If your network is using the IPv4 communications protocol, the Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP, is what you need to map IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses. This topic explains how…

Application layer programs generate data that must be exchanged between the source and destination hosts. The transport layer is responsible for logical communications between applications running on different hosts. This…

You already know the fundamentals of TCP. Understanding the role of port numbers will help you to grasp the details of the TCP communication process. In this topic, you will…

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for IPv4 service automates the assignment of IPv4 addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and other IPv4 networking parameters. This is referred to as dynamic addressing.…

The webservers that we so often connect to using names like www⋅cisco⋅com, are actually reached by assigning IP addresses to packets. On the internet, these domain names are much easier…

  The network devices that people are most familiar with are end devices. To distinguish one end device from another, each end device on a network has an address. When…

Now that the router has determined the best path for a packet based on the longest match, it must determine how to encapsulate the packet and forward it out to…

When it comes to general security breaches, home networks are the most susceptible to attacks. The reason is that home network users always have the mindset that they have nothing…

IP was designed as a Layer 3 connectionless protocol. It provides the necessary functions to deliver a packet from a source host to a destination host over an interconnected system…

  In this article, I want to look at common network security monitoring tools in cybersecurity. Follow me as we look at this together in this article. Common tools that…

“All networks are targets” is a common adage used to describe the current landscape of network security. Therefore, to mitigate threats, all networks must be secured and protected. This article…

A Denial of Service (DoS) attack creates some sort of interruption of network services to users, devices, or applications. In this article, I want to discuss all that you need…

  Reconnaissance is information gathering. It is analogous to a thief surveying a neighbourhood by going door-to-door pretending to sell something.   What the thief is actually doing is looking…

Ethical hacking involves using many different types of tools to test the network and end devices. To validate the security of a network and its systems, many network penetration testing…

  In my previous article, I talked about how online shopping has made life easy for people making transactions online. Despite the fact that it is very easy to make…

  In my previous article, I have talked about some of the facts that you need to know about network security. This article talks about some of the facts that…

  Hosts broadcast an ARP Request to other hosts on the network segment to determine the MAC address of a host with a particular IP address. All hosts on the…